Question

我在Visual Studio 2012中开发了一个带有SQL Server 2012数据库的应用程序。当我尝试发布应用程序来测试它时，它在我的机器上正常工作（包括SQL Server数据文件夹中的数据库），但是当我将该已发布的应用程序移动到另一台机器时，它无法正常工作。

我想知道将项目与其数据库一起部署的最简单方法。我已经看到将SQL数据库与我的应用程序集成的解决方案是使用localdb，但我不了解使用它的步骤。我需要使用SQL Server 2012数据库部署应用程序的所有步骤，以便在另一台PC上安装应用程序，而无需在该PC上安装SQL Server 2012。

Answer 1

您的应用程序无法在其他计算机上运行，因为您在没有数据库的本地计算机上使用相同的配置进行部署。

如果您没有在计算机上安装SQL Server，则可以使用SQL Server Express（默认情况下，它安装在Visual Studio中，除非您明确告诉它不要这样做）并更新{{ 1}}：
```
web.config
```

将数据库部署到服务器并更改连接字符串

<connectionStrings>
    <add name="testCon" 
         connectionString="Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\Database.mdf;Integrated Security=True;User Instance=True" 
         providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
</connectionStrings>

Answer 2

不久前，我遇到了同样的问题。我查看了SQL Server，MySQL，SQL Server Express和SQL Server Compact版本。我想要一个独立应用程序的简单数据库。 SQL Server Compact适用于独立的自包含数据库。 SQLite是独立数据库的另一个绝佳选择，但这是另一个答案。 SQL Server Express的优缺点已在另一个答案中介绍。

要部署SQL Server Compact（CE），您可以包含SQLCE40Runtime_x86-ENU.exe的安装程序，也可以手动包含安装程序为您创建的所需目录和Dll。有关更多部署信息，请参阅：https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa983326%28v=vs.140%29.aspx

我将使用的连接字符串是

ConnectionString = "Data Source=" + System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(System.Reflection.Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().Location) + "\\DevEssai.sdf;Persist Security Info=False";

有关连接字符串的其他提示，请参阅：http://www.connectionstrings.com/

你最终做出的任何选择，你必须做出的每一个选择都有利弊。无论哪种方式，它都需要您进行一些研究，以便为您的应用选择最佳选择。不要被吓倒。一旦你进一步研究它，它就不像你最初想的那么难。这只是每个人都必须经历的学习曲线。

Answer 3

我创建了一个简单的转换程序，将我的一个SQL Server表转换为SQL Server Compact Edition表。我刚创建了一个Windows窗体，其中只有一个按钮，表示“转换”。它将创建SQL Server CE数据库，然后从SQL Server数据库表中读取每条记录，并将其写入SQL Server Compact数据库中的等效表记录。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data.Sql;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlServerCe;
using System.Data.SQLite;

namespace SampleConversion
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btnConvert_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string cmd = "";
            int count = 0;

            create_SQLCE_database(); // Create the SQL Server CE database file and a table within it

            string SQLconnectionString = "server=(local); database=PTHData; Trusted_Connection=True;"; // open PTHData.mdf
            string SQLCEconnectionString = "Data Source=" + Application.StartupPath + "\\pthData.sdf;Persist Security Info=False"; // open PTHDATA.sdf

            // open the input and output database
            SqlCeConnection SQLCEconnection = new SqlCeConnection(SQLCEconnectionString);

            try
            {
                SQLCEconnection.Open();
            }
            catch (SqlCeException ex)
            {
                string errorMessages = "A SQL Server CE exception occurred on open.\n" + ex.Message;
                MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
                return;
            }
            SqlConnection SQLconnection = new SqlConnection(SQLconnectionString);
            try
            {
                SQLconnection.Open();
            }
            catch (SqlException ex)
            {
                string errorMessages = "A SQL exception occurred on open.\n" + ex.Message;
                MessageBox.Show( errorMessages, "Convert");
                return;
            }

            //Databases are not open, time to convert
            SqlCommand cmdread = new SqlCommand();
            cmdread.Connection = SQLconnection;
            cmdread.CommandText = "Select * from USTimeZones";
            SqlDataReader drread = null;

            SqlCeCommand cmdwrite = new SqlCeCommand();
            cmdwrite.Connection = SQLCEconnection;

            try
            {
                drread = cmdread.ExecuteReader();
                while (drread.Read())
                {
                    drread["timezone"].ToString();
                    cmd = "Insert into USTimeZones values ('" + drread["state"].ToString() + "','" +
                        drread["city"].ToString() + "','" + drread["county"].ToString() + "','" +
                        drread["timezone"].ToString() + "','" + drread["timetype"].ToString() + "','" +
                        drread["latitude"].ToString() + "','" + drread["longitude"].ToString() + "')";
                    cmdwrite.CommandText = cmd;
                    try
                    {
                        cmdwrite.ExecuteNonQuery();
                        count++;
                    }
                    catch (SqlCeException ex)
                    {
                        string errorMessages = "A SQL exception occurred on writing the SQL Server CE record.\n" + ex.Message;
                        MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
                        SQLCEconnection.Close();
                        SQLconnection.Close();
                        return;
                    }

                }
            }
            catch (SqlException ex)
            {
                string errorMessages = "A SQL exception occurred reading records.\n" + ex.Message;
                MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                string errorMessages = "A General exception occurred reading records.\n" + ex.Message;
                MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
            }

            MessageBox.Show("Records written: " + count.ToString(), "Conversion complete");
            drread.Close();
            SQLconnection.Close();
            SQLCEconnection.Close();
        }

        private void create_SQLCE_database()
        {
            string connectionString = "Data Source=" + Application.StartupPath + "\\pthData.sdf;Persist Security Info=False";

            try
            {
                SqlCeEngine en = new SqlCeEngine(connectionString);
                en.CreateDatabase();
            }
            catch (SqlCeException ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Unable to create the SQL Server CE pthData database\n" + ex.Message, "Create SQL Server CE file/database error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Unable to create the SQL Server CE pthData database\n" + ex.Message, "Create SQL Server CE file/database error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
            }

            // file created, now create tables
            SqlCeConnection cn = new SqlCeConnection(connectionString);
            if (cn.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
                cn.Open();

            SqlCeCommand cmd;
            string commandString = "Create table USTimeZones\n";

            // create USTimeZones file
            commandString = "Create table USTimeZones\r\n";
            commandString += "(state nvarchar(30), city nvarchar(100), county nvarchar(50), timezone nvarchar(10), ";
            commandString += "timetype int, latitude nvarchar(10), longitude nvarchar(10),  ";
            commandString += "PRIMARY KEY(state, city, county, timezone, timetype))";
            cmd = new SqlCeCommand(commandString, cn);

            try
            {
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            }
            catch (SqlCeException sqlexception)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(sqlexception.Message + "\n Command string: " + commandString, "Error creating USTimeZoness", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Error creating USTimeZones", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
            }

            cn.Close();
        }

    private void btnSQLiteConvert_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        string cmd = "";
        int count = 0;

        create_SQLite_database(); // Create the SQLite database file and a table within it

        string SQLconnectionString = "server=(local); database=PTHData; Trusted_Connection=True;"; // open PTHData.mdf
        string SQLiteconnectionString = "Data Source=" + Application.StartupPath + "\\pthData.sqlite;Version=3;";

        // open the input and output database
        SQLiteConnection SQLiteconnection = new SQLiteConnection(SQLiteconnectionString);

        try
        {
            SQLiteconnection.Open();
        }
        catch (SQLiteException ex)
        {
            string errorMessages = "A SQLite exception occurred on open.\n" + ex.Message;
            MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
            return;
        }

        SqlConnection SQLconnection = new SqlConnection(SQLconnectionString);

        try
        {
            SQLconnection.Open();
        }
        catch (SqlException ex)
        {
            string errorMessages = "A SQL exception occurred on open.\n" + ex.Message;
            MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
            return;
        }

        //Databases are not open, time to convert
        SqlCommand cmdread = new SqlCommand();
        cmdread.Connection = SQLconnection;
        cmdread.CommandText = "Select * from USTimeZones";

        SqlDataReader drread = null;

        SQLiteCommand cmdwrite = new SQLiteCommand();
        cmdwrite.Connection = SQLiteconnection;

        try
        {
            drread = cmdread.ExecuteReader();

            while (drread.Read())
            {
                drread["timezone"].ToString();
                cmd = "Insert into USTimeZones values ('" + drread["state"].ToString() + "','" +
                    drread["city"].ToString() + "','" + drread["county"].ToString() + "','" +
                    drread["timezone"].ToString() + "','" + drread["timetype"].ToString() + "','" +
                    drread["latitude"].ToString() + "','" + drread["longitude"].ToString() + "')";
                cmdwrite.CommandText = cmd;

                try
                {
                    cmdwrite.ExecuteNonQuery();
                    count++;
                }
                catch (SQLiteException ex)
                {
                    string errorMessages = "An SQL exception occurred on writing the SQLite record.\n" + ex.Message;
                    MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
                    SQLiteconnection.Close();
                    SQLconnection.Close();
                    return;
                }

            }
        }
        catch (SqlException ex)
        {
            string errorMessages = "A SQL exception occurred reading records.\n" + ex.Message;
            MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            string errorMessages = "A General exception occurred reading records.\n" + ex.Message;
            MessageBox.Show(errorMessages, "Convert");
        }

        MessageBox.Show("Records written: " + count.ToString(), "Conversion complete");
        drread.Close();
        SQLconnection.Close();
        SQLiteconnection.Close();
    }

    private void create_SQLite_database()
    {
        string connectionString = "Data Source=" + Application.StartupPath + "\\pthData.sqlite;Version=3;";

        try
        {
            SQLiteConnection.CreateFile("pthData.sqlite");
        }
        catch (SQLiteException ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("Unable to create the SQLite database\n" + ex.Message + "\nConnection string: " + connectionString, "Create SQLite file/database error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("Unable to create the SQLitedatabase\n" + ex.Message + "\nConnection string: " + connectionString, "Create SQLite file/database error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
        }
        // file created, now create tables
        SQLiteConnection cn = new SQLiteConnection(connectionString);
        if (cn.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
            cn.Open();

        SQLiteCommand cmd;
        string commandString = "Create table if not exists USTimeZones\n";

        // create time zones file
        commandString += "(state nvarchar(30), city nvarchar(100), county nvarchar(50), timezone nvarchar(10), ";
        commandString += "timetype int, latitude nvarchar(10), longitude nvarchar(10),  ";
        commandString += "PRIMARY KEY(state, city, county, timezone, timetype))";

        cmd = new SQLiteCommand(commandString, cn);

        try
        {
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
        }
        catch (SQLiteException sqlexception)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(sqlexception.Message + "\n Command string: " + commandString, "Error creating USTimeZones", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message + "\n Command string: " + commandString, "Error creating USTimeZoness", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.ServiceNotification);
        }
    }
}

如何使用SQL Server数据库部署Windows应用程序？

3 个答案: