Question

我正在尝试以编程方式在UIStackView中添加视图。现在我的代码是：

UIView *view1 = [[UIView alloc]init];
view1.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor];
[view1 setFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100)];

UIView *view2 =  [[UIView alloc]init];
view2.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
[view2 setFrame:CGRectMake(0, 100, 100, 100)];

[self.stack1 addArrangedSubview:view1];
[self.stack1 addArrangedSubview:view2];

当我部署应用程序时，只有一个视图，它是黑色的。（view1也获取view2的参数）

Answer 1

堆栈视图使用内在内容大小，因此使用布局约束来定义视图的维度。

有一种简单的方法可以快速添加约束（例如）：

[view1.heightAnchor constraintEqualToConstant:100].active = true;

完整代码：

- (void) setup {

    //View 1
    UIView *view1 = [[UIView alloc] init];
    view1.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    [view1.heightAnchor constraintEqualToConstant:100].active = true;
    [view1.widthAnchor constraintEqualToConstant:120].active = true;


    //View 2
    UIView *view2 = [[UIView alloc] init];
    view2.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
    [view2.heightAnchor constraintEqualToConstant:100].active = true;
    [view2.widthAnchor constraintEqualToConstant:70].active = true;

    //View 3
    UIView *view3 = [[UIView alloc] init];
    view3.backgroundColor = [UIColor magentaColor];
    [view3.heightAnchor constraintEqualToConstant:100].active = true;
    [view3.widthAnchor constraintEqualToConstant:180].active = true;

    //Stack View
    UIStackView *stackView = [[UIStackView alloc] init];

    stackView.axis = UILayoutConstraintAxisVertical;
    stackView.distribution = UIStackViewDistributionEqualSpacing;
    stackView.alignment = UIStackViewAlignmentCenter;
    stackView.spacing = 30;


    [stackView addArrangedSubview:view1];
    [stackView addArrangedSubview:view2];
    [stackView addArrangedSubview:view3];

    stackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false;
    [self.view addSubview:stackView];


    //Layout for Stack View
    [stackView.centerXAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:self.view.centerXAnchor].active = true;
    [stackView.centerYAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:self.view.centerYAnchor].active = true;
}

注意：这是在iOS 9上测试的

Answer 2

UIStackView在内部使用约束来定位其排列的子视图。确切地说，创建约束取决于堆栈视图本身的配置方式。默认情况下，堆栈视图将创建约束，这些约束将其排列的子视图布置在水平线中，将前导视图和尾随视图固定到其自己的前沿和尾随边缘。因此，您的代码将生成如下所示的布局：

|[view1][view2]|

分配给每个子视图的空间由许多因素决定，包括子视图的内在内容大小及其压缩阻力和内容拥抱优先级。默认情况下，UIView实例不定义内在内容大小。这通常由子类提供，例如UILabel或UIButton。

由于两个新UIView实例的内容压缩阻力和内容拥抱优先级相同，并且两个视图都没有提供内在内容大小，因此布局引擎必须最好猜测应分配的大小到每个视图。在您的情况下，它将第一个视图分配100％的可用空间，而不分配给第二个视图。

如果您修改代码以使用UILabel实例，则会获得更好的结果：

UILabel *label1 = [UILabel new];
label1.text = @"Label 1";
label1.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];

UILabel *label2 = [UILabel new];
label2.text = @"Label 2";
label2.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];

[self.stack1 addArrangedSubview:label1];
[self.stack1 addArrangedSubview:label2];

请注意，没有必要自己明确地创建任何约束。这是使用UIStackView的主要好处 - 它隐藏了开发人员的约束管理（通常是丑陋的）细节。

Answer 3

以下两行修正了我的问题

    view.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(50).active = true;
    view.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(350).active = true;

Swift版本 -

    var DynamicView=UIView(frame: CGRectMake(100, 200, 100, 100))
    DynamicView.backgroundColor=UIColor.greenColor()
    DynamicView.layer.cornerRadius=25
    DynamicView.layer.borderWidth=2
    self.view.addSubview(DynamicView)
    DynamicView.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(50).active = true;
    DynamicView.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(350).active = true;

    var DynamicView2=UIView(frame: CGRectMake(100, 310, 100, 100))
    DynamicView2.backgroundColor=UIColor.greenColor()
    DynamicView2.layer.cornerRadius=25
    DynamicView2.layer.borderWidth=2
    self.view.addSubview(DynamicView2)
    DynamicView2.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(50).active = true;
    DynamicView2.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(350).active = true;

    var DynamicView3:UIView=UIView(frame: CGRectMake(10, 420, 355, 100))
    DynamicView3.backgroundColor=UIColor.greenColor()
    DynamicView3.layer.cornerRadius=25
    DynamicView3.layer.borderWidth=2
    self.view.addSubview(DynamicView3)

    let yourLabel:UILabel = UILabel(frame: CGRectMake(110, 10, 200, 20))
    yourLabel.textColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
    //yourLabel.backgroundColor = UIColor.blackColor()
    yourLabel.text = "mylabel text"
    DynamicView3.addSubview(yourLabel)
    DynamicView3.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(50).active = true;
    DynamicView3.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(350).active = true;

    let stackView   = UIStackView()
    stackView.axis  = UILayoutConstraintAxis.Vertical
    stackView.distribution  = UIStackViewDistribution.EqualSpacing
    stackView.alignment = UIStackViewAlignment.Center
    stackView.spacing   = 30

    stackView.addArrangedSubview(DynamicView)
    stackView.addArrangedSubview(DynamicView2)
    stackView.addArrangedSubview(DynamicView3)

    stackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false;

    self.view.addSubview(stackView)

    //Constraints
    stackView.centerXAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(self.view.centerXAnchor).active = true
    stackView.centerYAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(self.view.centerYAnchor).active = true

Answer 4

您必须设置分发类型。在你的代码中，juste add：

self.stack1.distribution = UIStackViewDistributionFillEqually;

或者您可以直接在界面构建器中设置分发。例如：

enter image description here

希望有所帮助;） Lapinou。

Answer 5

对于尝试隐藏堆栈视图中的任何视图时接受的答案，约束效果不正确。

Unable to simultaneously satisfy constraints.
    Probably at least one of the constraints in the following list is one you don't want. 
    Try this: 
        (1) look at each constraint and try to figure out which you don't expect; 
        (2) find the code that added the unwanted constraint or constraints and fix it. 
(
    "<NSLayoutConstraint:0x618000086e50 UIView:0x7fc11c4051c0.height == 120   (active)>",
    "<NSLayoutConstraint:0x610000084fb0 'UISV-hiding' UIView:0x7fc11c4051c0.height == 0   (active)>"
)

原因是隐藏view中的stackView，它会将高度设置为0来为其设置动画。

解决方案更改约束priority，如下所示。

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    let stackView = UIStackView()
    let a = UIView()
    let b = UIView()

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        a.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
        a.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 200).isActive = true
        let aHeight = a.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 120)
        aHeight.isActive = true
        aHeight.priority = 999

        let bHeight = b.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 120)
        bHeight.isActive = true
        bHeight.priority = 999
        b.backgroundColor = UIColor.green
        b.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 200).isActive = true

        view.addSubview(stackView)
        stackView.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
        stackView.addArrangedSubview(a)
        stackView.addArrangedSubview(b)
        stackView.axis = .vertical
        stackView.distribution = .equalSpacing
        stackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
    }

    // Just add a button in xib file or storyboard and add connect this action.
    @IBAction func test(_ sender: Any) {
        a.isHidden = !a.isHidden
    }

}

Answer 6

    //Image View
    let imageView               = UIImageView()
    imageView.backgroundColor   = UIColor.blueColor()
    imageView.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(120.0).active = true
    imageView.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(120.0).active = true
    imageView.image = UIImage(named: "buttonFollowCheckGreen")

    //Text Label
    let textLabel               = UILabel()
    textLabel.backgroundColor   = UIColor.greenColor()
    textLabel.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(self.view.frame.width).active = true
    textLabel.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(20.0).active = true
    textLabel.text  = "Hi World"
    textLabel.textAlignment = .Center


    //Third View
    let thirdView               = UIImageView()
    thirdView.backgroundColor   = UIColor.magentaColor()
    thirdView.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(120.0).active = true
    thirdView.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(120.0).active = true
    thirdView.image = UIImage(named: "buttonFollowMagenta")


    //Stack View
    let stackView   = UIStackView()
    stackView.axis  = UILayoutConstraintAxis.Vertical
    stackView.distribution  = UIStackViewDistribution.EqualSpacing
    stackView.alignment = UIStackViewAlignment.Center
    stackView.spacing   = 16.0

    stackView.addArrangedSubview(imageView)
    stackView.addArrangedSubview(textLabel)
    stackView.addArrangedSubview(thirdView)
    stackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false;

    self.view.addSubview(stackView)

    //Constraints
    stackView.centerXAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(self.view.centerXAnchor).active = true
    stackView.centerYAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(self.view.centerYAnchor).active = true

改进了@Oleg Popov的答案

Answer 7

在Swift 4.2中

let redView = UIView()
    redView.backgroundColor = .red

    let blueView = UIView()
    blueView.backgroundColor = .blue

    let stackView = UIStackView(arrangedSubviews: [redView, blueView])
    stackView.axis = .vertical
    stackView.distribution = .fillEqually

    view.addSubview(stackView)

    //        stackView.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 200, height: 200)

    // autolayout constraint
    stackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false

NSLayoutConstraint.activate([stackView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor), stackView.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leftAnchor), stackView.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.rightAnchor), stackView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 200)])

Answer 8

Swift 5 版本的Oleg Popov's answer，该版本基于user1046037's answer

//Image View
let imageView = UIImageView()
imageView.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
imageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 120.0).isActive = true
imageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 120.0).isActive = true
imageView.image = UIImage(named: "buttonFollowCheckGreen")

//Text Label
let textLabel = UILabel()
textLabel.backgroundColor = UIColor.yellow
textLabel.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: self.view.frame.width).isActive = true
textLabel.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 20.0).isActive = true
textLabel.text  = "Hi World"
textLabel.textAlignment = .center

//Stack View
let stackView   = UIStackView()
stackView.axis  = NSLayoutConstraint.Axis.vertical
stackView.distribution  = UIStackView.Distribution.equalSpacing
stackView.alignment = UIStackView.Alignment.center
stackView.spacing   = 16.0

stackView.addArrangedSubview(imageView)
stackView.addArrangedSubview(textLabel)
stackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false

self.view.addSubview(stackView)

//Constraints
stackView.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.centerXAnchor).isActive = true
stackView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.view.centerYAnchor).isActive = true

Answer 9

我刚遇到非常相似的问题。就像之前提到的一样，堆栈视图的维度取决于排列的子视图的一个内在内容大小。这是我在Swift 2.x和以下视图结构中的解决方案：

查看 - UIView

customView - CustomView：UIView

stackView - UISTackView

安排了子视图 - 自定义UIView子类

    //: [Previous](@previous)

import Foundation
import UIKit
import XCPlayground

/**Container for stack view*/
class CustomView:UIView {

    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
    }

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
    }


    init(){
        super.init(frame: CGRectZero)

    }

}

/**Custom Subclass*/
class CustomDrawing:UIView{
    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        setup()
    }

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
        setup()

    }

    func setup(){
       // self.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor()
        print("setup \(frame)")
    }

    override func drawRect(rect: CGRect) {
        let ctx = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()
        CGContextMoveToPoint(ctx, 0, 0)
        CGContextAddLineToPoint(ctx, CGRectGetWidth(bounds), CGRectGetHeight(bounds))
        CGContextStrokePath(ctx)

        print("DrawRect")

    }
}



//: [Next](@next)
let stackView = UIStackView()
stackView.distribution = .FillProportionally
stackView.alignment = .Center
stackView.axis = .Horizontal
stackView.spacing = 10


//container view
let view = UIView(frame: CGRectMake(0,0,320,640))
view.backgroundColor = UIColor.darkGrayColor()
//now custom view

let customView = CustomView()

view.addSubview(customView)

customView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
customView.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(220).active = true
customView.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(60).active = true
customView.centerXAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(view.centerXAnchor).active = true
customView.centerYAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(view.centerYAnchor).active = true
customView.backgroundColor = UIColor.lightGrayColor()

//add a stack view
customView.addSubview(stackView)
stackView.centerXAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(customView.centerXAnchor).active = true
stackView.centerYAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(customView.centerYAnchor).active = true
stackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false


let c1 = CustomDrawing()
c1.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
c1.backgroundColor = UIColor.redColor()
c1.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(30).active = true
c1.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(30).active = true

let c2 = CustomDrawing()
c2.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
c2.backgroundColor = UIColor.blueColor()
c2.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(30).active = true
c2.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(30).active = true


stackView.addArrangedSubview(c1)
stackView.addArrangedSubview(c2)


XCPlaygroundPage.currentPage.liveView = view

Answer 10

在我的情况下，我希望弄乱的是我错过了这一行：

stackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false;

此后，无需为我安排的子视图设置任何约束，则stackview会处理该问题。

Answer 11

您可以使用子类来简化所有约束，而不必编写所有约束，而是可以使用一个子类来处理.intrinsicContentSize类的UIView。该解决方案还对 Interface Builder 进行了一些改进，以支持视图的“ intrinsicWidth ”和“ intrinsicHeight ”。虽然可以扩展UIView并使这些属性在 IB 的更干净的子类中的所有UIViews上可用。

// IntrinsicView.h
@import UIKit

IB_DESIGNABLE
@interface IntrinsicView : UIView
-(instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)rect;
@property IBInspectable CGSize intrinsic;
@end

// IntrinsicView.m
#import "IntrinsicView.h"

@implementation IntrinsicView {
    CGSize _intrinsic;
}
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame {
    _intrinsic = frame.size;
    if ( !(self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) ) return nil;
    // your stuff here..
    return self;
}
-(CGSize)intrinsicContentSize {
    return _intrinsic;
}
-(void)prepareForInterfaceBuilder {
    self.frame = CGRectMake(self.frame.origin.x, self.frame.origin.y, _intrinsic.width,_intrinsic.height);
}
@end

这意味着您可以只分配这些IntrinsicView，而self.frame.size被当作intrinsicContentSize。这样一来，它就不会干扰正常的布局，您也不需要设置约束关系，甚至在UIStackViews

中也无法完全应用约束关系。

#import "IntrinsicView.h"

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    UIStackView *column = [[UIStackView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.frame];
    column.spacing = 2;
    column.alignment = UIStackViewAlignmentFill;
    column.axis = UILayoutConstraintAxisVertical; //Up-Down
    column.distribution = UIStackViewDistributionFillEqually;
    
    for (int row=0; row<5; row++) {
        //..frame:(CGRect) defines here proportions and
        //relation to axis of StackView
        IntrinsicView *intrinsicView = [[IntrinsicView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 30.0, 30.0)];
        
        [column addArrangedSubview:intrinsicView];
    }
    [self.view addSubview:column];
}

现在您可以疯狂使用UIStackView的

或 swift +编码，解码，IB支持，Objective-C支持

@IBDesignable @objc class IntrinsicView : UIView {
    @IBInspectable var intrinsic : CGSize
    @objc override init(frame: CGRect) {
        intrinsic = frame.size
        super.init(frame: frame)
    }
    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        intrinsic = coder.decodeCGSize(forKey: "intrinsic")
        super.init(coder: coder)
    }
    override func encode(with coder: NSCoder) {
        coder.encode(intrinsic, forKey: "intrinsic")
        super.encode(with: coder)
    }
    override var intrinsicContentSize: CGSize {
        return intrinsic
    }
    override func prepareForInterfaceBuilder() {
        frame = CGRect(x: self.frame.origin.x, y: self.frame.origin.y, width: intrinsic.width, height: intrinsic.height)
    }
}

Answer 12

真的不建议设置高度约束...如果可以的话，永远，永远，永远不要设置高度！您需要检查 UIStackView 中视图的所有约束，并确保底部、顶部、前导和尾随有约束。有人对我说：这就像一个人在推墙。如果他不向 4 个边推，其中一面墙会落在他身上。

Answer 13

尝试以下代码，

UIView *view1 = [[UIView alloc]init];
view1.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor];
[view1 setFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 50, 50)];

UIView *view2 =  [[UIView alloc]init];
view2.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
[view2 setFrame:CGRectMake(0, 100, 100, 100)];

NSArray *subView = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:view1,view2, nil];

[self.stack1 initWithArrangedSubviews:subView];

希望它有效。如果您需要更多说明，请与我们联系。

以编程方式在UIStackView中添加视图

13 个答案: