如何在Scala中创建泛型类型的对象/单例?

时间:2015-06-08 09:33:23

标签: scala generics singleton

在下面显示的代码中,如何将EmptyTree转换为对象(Singleton)?

trait Tree[T] {
    def contains(num: T): Boolean
    def inc( num: T ): Tree[T]
  }


class EmptyTree[T <% Ordered[T] ] extends Tree[T] {
    def contains(num:T):Boolean = false
    def inc(num:T):Tree[T] = {
        new DataTree(num, new EmptyTree, new EmptyTree)
    }
    override def toString = "."
}

class DataTree[T <% Ordered[T] ](val x:T, val left:Tree[T], val right:Tree[T]) extends Tree[T] {

    def contains(num:T):Boolean = {
        if( num < x ) left.contains(x)
        else if ( num > x ) right.contains(x)
        else true
    }
    def inc(num:T):Tree[T] = {
        if(num < x ) new DataTree(x, left.inc(num), right)
        else if ( num > x ) new DataTree(x, left, right.inc(num))
        else this
    }
    override def toString = "{" + left + x + right + "}"
}


val t = new DataTree(20, new EmptyTree[Int], new EmptyTree[Int])
                                                //> t  : greeting.Test.DataTree[Int] = {.20.}
val p = t.inc(10)                               //> p  : greeting.Test.Tree[Int] = {{.10.}20.}
val a = p.inc(30)                               //> a  : greeting.Test.Tree[Int] = {{.10.}20{.30.}}
val s = a.inc(5)                                //> s  : greeting.Test.Tree[Int] = {{{.5.}10.}20{.30.}}
val m = s.inc(11)                               //> m  : greeting.Test.Tree[Int] = {{{.5.}10{.11.}}20{.30.}}

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

让我告诉阿列克谢的回答。以下是一些完整的实现,包括一些代码样式改进:

首先用其协方差的知识来定义你的特征:

 trait Tree[+T] {
    def contains[U >: T : Ordering](num: U): Boolean

    def inc[U >: T : Ordering](num: U): Tree[U]
  }

接下来定义你的所有树类型对象

  case object EmptyTree extends Tree[Nothing] {
    def contains[U >: Nothing : Ordering](num: U): Boolean = false
    def inc[U >: Nothing : Ordering](num: U): Tree[U] =
      DataTree(num, EmptyTree, EmptyTree)
    override def toString = "."
  }

现在改变你的一般案例实施:

  case class DataTree[T: Ordering](x: T, left: Tree[T], right: Tree[T]) extends Tree[T] {
    import Ordering.Implicits._
    def contains[U >: T : Ordering](num: U): Boolean = 
      if (num < x) left.contains(x)
      else if (num > x) right.contains(x)
      else true

    def inc[U >: T : Ordering](num: U): Tree[U] = 
      if (num < x) DataTree(x, left.inc(num), right)
      else if (num > x) DataTree(x, left, right.inc(num))
      else this

    override def toString = "{" + left + x + right + "}"
  }

自从我用Ordered替换你的Ordering后,你可能会有点沮丧,但你应该知道view bounds are deprecated

答案 1 :(得分:1)

您必须修复泛型参数,因为这是您唯一可以提供的参数:

scala> trait A[T]
defined trait A

scala> object B extends A[Int]
defined object B

显然,您希望对所有类型的EmptyTree重复使用T,因此不要为每种类型定义A[SOMETYPE],只需使用底部类型Nothing

scala> object B extends A[Nothing]
defined object B

此对象可用于任何树。

这正是Scala中Option[T]的实现方式。以下是None的定义方式:

case object None extends Option[Nothing]

答案 2 :(得分:1)

如果保留泛型,也可以选择添加空工厂 - 就像为Map和Vector完成的那样。当然,对于这样的实现,它不会是每个创建的唯一实例对象,但是当使用inc方法时,它不会生成新对象,它只会引用自身。

object DataTree {
  def empty[T <% Ordered[T]] = new Tree[T] {
      def contains(num: T):Boolean = false
      def inc(num: T): Tree[T] = {
        new DataTree(num, this, this)
      }
      override def toString = "."
  }
}

因此您可以将其实例化如下:

val t = new DataTree(20, DataTree.empty[Int], DataTree.empty[Int])