java - 如何创建自定义哈希表迭代器?

时间:2015-06-08 00:28:55

标签: java iterator hashmap hashtable inner-classes

我目前正在尝试实现一个Hashtable集合 - 我已经完成了所有工作,但是当我尝试为表定义一个自定义迭代器时,我遇到了一个概念问题。我有一个名为'HashEntry'的内部类,它是存储在数组中的实际对象 - 它们存储条目的键,值和状态,即空,活动,已删除。

private class HashEntry
{
    private TKey m_key;
    private TValue m_value;
    private EntryStatus status;

    //standard constructor
    public HashEntry(TKey key, TValue value)
    {
        m_key = key;
        m_value = value;
        status = EntryStatus.ACTIVE;
    }

    public HashEntry(TKey key, TValue value, EntryStatus i) {
        m_key = key;
        m_value = value;
        status = i;
    }

    //default 'empty' constructor
    public HashEntry()
    {
        //calls default constructor, creates placeholder entry
        m_key = null;
        m_value = null;
        status = EntryStatus.EMPTY;
    }

    //equals operator override, this override just compares compares
    // the objects held in the entry, so any object used with this
    // implementation must hae=ve its own equals override
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj)
    {
        if (obj == null) { return false; }
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) { return false; }

        final HashEntry other = (HashEntry) obj;
        return (!((this.m_key == null) ? (other.m_key != null) : !this.m_key.equals(other.m_key)));
    }

    // override of the hashCode() function--just calls the hashCode
    // function of the embedded object, so that must be provided
    @Override
    public int hashCode()
    {
        return this.m_key.hashCode();
    }

    // toString override just returns the toString of the embedded object
    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append(m_key.toString()).append(m_value.toString());
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

这是我的问题的第一部分 - 如果我想能够遍历表,我应该迭代(并因此返回)HashEntry对象,还是哈希表约定迭代存储的实际值在桌子上? HashEntry类是私有的,所以我认为它的错误做法是返回它的实例......

但如果是这样的话,我如何创建一个迭代HashEntrys对象的Hashtable迭代器?我是否必须在HashEntry类中定义迭代器/迭代?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

一般来说,是的,如果你提供迭代HashEntry的迭代器可能会更好,因此用户在迭代时同时获得键和值(和状态)。通常情况下,没有密钥,价值就没有意义,反之亦然。

为什么不将HashEntry类设为public static通用内部类,并制作特定于实现的内容private?您可能还需要使HashEntry通用,因为我假设您的父类(我们只是称之为MyHashTable)也是基于TKey和{{ 1}}。

所以,如果我是你,我会让你TValueHashEntry看起来更像这样:

MyHashTable

请注意,// Note: implements Iterable<E> now public class MyHashTable<TKey, TValue> implements Iterable<MyHashTable.HashEntry<TKey, TValue>> { public Iterator<MyHashTable.HashEntry<TKey, TValue>> iterator() { // ... // Make and return your iterator here // ... } // Note: public and generic now public static class HashEntry<TKey, TValue> { private TKey m_key; private TValue m_value; private EntryStatus status; //standard constructor // Note: private now public HashEntry(TKey key, TValue value) { m_key = key; m_value = value; status = EntryStatus.ACTIVE; } // Note: private now private HashEntry(TKey key, TValue value, EntryStatus i) { m_key = key; m_value = value; status = i; } //default 'empty' constructor // Note: private now public HashEntry() { //calls default constructor, creates placeholder entry m_key = null; m_value = null; status = EntryStatus.EMPTY; } public TKey getKey() { return m_key; } public TValue getValue() { return m_value; } public EntryStatus getEntryStatus() { return status; } //equals operator override, this override just compares compares // the objects held in the entry, so any object used with this // implementation must hae=ve its own equals override @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj == null) { return false; } if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) { return false; } final HashEntry other = (HashEntry) obj; return (!((this.m_key == null) ? (other.m_key != null) : !this.m_key.equals(other.m_key))); } // override of the hashCode() function--just calls the hashCode // function of the embedded object, so that must be provided @Override public int hashCode() { return this.m_key.hashCode(); } // toString override just returns the toString of the embedded object @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append(m_key.toString()).append(m_value.toString()); return sb.toString(); } } } 现在是HashEntry的内部类,它是通用的,它的构造函数现在是MyHashTable。这保证除了外部类private之外的任何人都可以实例化MyHashTable,因为在哈希表外部实例化一个是没有意义的(参见this)。但是,其他人可以通过getter访问条目的键和值。

迭代器本身就是HashEntry的一个实例。至于编写一个,这取决于你自己的哈希表实现,但你基本上需要一种方法以任何顺序获取下一个元素:Iterator<E>.next()

例如,这是一个Iterator<MyHashTable.HashEntry<TKey, TValue>>方法实现,它迭代一个简单的数组:

iterator()

(来源:https://stackoverflow.com/a/5849625/837703

希望这有点帮助。