matplotlib:通过mouseevent获取3D绘图中的坐标

时间:2015-06-05 19:41:30

标签: python matlab matplotlib 3d mouseevent

我希望通过鼠标事件(例如点击)获取3D绘图中的坐标(x,y,z)。 MATLAB具有此功能datacursormode。一个好的形象在以下链接。

http://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/datacursormode.html

mpldatacursorhttps://github.com/joferkington/mpldatacursor)是matplotlib的类似函数,但是,这似乎不适合3D图。 x和y值不合适,即使它们可以得到。

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from mpldatacursor import datacursor

x = np.arange(-3, 3, 0.25)
y = np.arange(-3, 3, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z = np.sin(X)+ np.cos(Y)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1)

datacursor(surf)

plt.show()

如果有可能,我也想得到z值。 有什么好办法吗?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:-1)

mpldatacursor对于我想要的东西来说太复杂了,它想要以某种方式在回调函数中接收x,y,z坐标。我从mpldatacursor pick_info.py中提取了一个辅助函数(get_xyz_mouse_click),该函数执行获取坐标所需的最低要求(即,没有悬停窗口,没有复杂的事件处理)。这是辅助函数:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.transforms as mtransforms
from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d

def get_xyz_mouse_click(event, ax):
    """
    Get coordinates clicked by user
    """
    if ax.M is None:
        return {}

    xd, yd = event.xdata, event.ydata
    p = (xd, yd)
    edges = ax.tunit_edges()
    ldists = [(mplot3d.proj3d.line2d_seg_dist(p0, p1, p), i) for \
                i, (p0, p1) in enumerate(edges)]
    ldists.sort()

    # nearest edge
    edgei = ldists[0][1]

    p0, p1 = edges[edgei]

    # scale the z value to match
    x0, y0, z0 = p0
    x1, y1, z1 = p1
    d0 = np.hypot(x0-xd, y0-yd)
    d1 = np.hypot(x1-xd, y1-yd)
    dt = d0+d1
    z = d1/dt * z0 + d0/dt * z1

    x, y, z = mplot3d.proj3d.inv_transform(xd, yd, z, ax.M)
    return x, y, z

下面是在3D散点图中使用它的示例:

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

import simple_pick_info.pick_info

# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)


def randrange(n, vmin, vmax):
    '''
    Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, )
    with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax).
    '''
    return (vmax - vmin)*np.random.rand(n) + vmin

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

n = 100

# For each set of style and range settings, plot n random points in the box
# defined by x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh].
for c, m, zlow, zhigh in [('r', 'o', -50, -25), ('b', '^', -30, -5)]:
    xs = randrange(n, 23, 32)
    ys = randrange(n, 0, 100)
    zs = randrange(n, zlow, zhigh)
    ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, c=c, marker=m)

ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')

plt.show()


def on_press(event):
    x,y,z = simple_pick_info.pick_info.get_xyz_mouse_click(event, ax)    
    print(f'Clicked at: x={x}, y={y}, z={z}')

cid = fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', on_press)

您应该编辑on_press()以对x,y,z进行操作。仍然存在这样的问题,即使用轴网格引用的其他答案产生一个点(即,它不会在原始数据中搜索最近的邻居)。我建议您对原始数据模型(点,线等)进行距离转换,因为这将非常困难,因为它很难在曲面中搜索补丁。

我真的希望它能以Matlab的datacursormode的工作方式内置到matplotlib中!