基类和子类的扩展方法

时间:2015-06-04 13:42:34

标签: c# inheritance reflection extension-methods

更新

请求重新打开,因为其他SO答案没有解决方案,但问题的其中一条评论有一个我想接受的解决方案,因为它适用于该方案。

原始问题

我在使用非抽象基类和选择适当扩展方法的子类编写扩展方法时遇到了麻烦。

Example Code

我在下面有一个非常简单的例子(从一个更大的项目中抽象出来),它使用了扩展方法" Run"。预期的输出列在每个类旁边的注释中。

public class Parent { }; // Should output "Parent"
public class ChildA : Parent { }; // Should output "Child A"
public class ChildB : Parent { }; // Should output "Parent"

// Expected Output: ChildA, Parent, Parent
public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var commands = new List<Parent>() { new ChildA(), new ChildB(), new Parent() };
        Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", commands.Select(c => c.Run())));
    }
}

到目前为止,这是我的尝试,但必须采用更简洁的方法:

  1. 无类型检查 - 仅使用父扩展方法的结果(父,父,父)
  2. 显式类型检查 - 右输出,但必须明确检查每种扩展可能性的类型(ChildA,Parent,Parent)
  3. 尝试将Convert.ChangeType转换为动态类型 - 运行时异常,因为扩展无法捕获动态类型(无输出)
  4. 尝试使用反射进行通用演员表 - 尚未完全投入使用,但不确定方法是否有效
  5. 尝试列表

    public static class Extensions
    {
        public static string Run(this ChildA model)
        {
            return "ChildA";
        }
        public static string Run(this Parent model)
        {
            return model.Run1(); // Change to test different approaches
        }
        public static string Run1(this Parent model) // No type-checking
        {
            return "Parent";
        }
        public static string Run2(this Parent model) // Explicitly check sub-types
        {
            if (model is ChildA)
                return ((ChildA)model).Run();
            else
                return "Parent";
        }
        public static string Run3(this Parent model) // Attempted dynamic type conversion
        {
            if (model.GetType().BaseType == typeof(Parent))
            {
                dynamic changedObj = Convert.ChangeType(model, model.GetType());
                return changedObj.Run();
            }
            else
                return "Parent";
        }
        public static string Run4(this Parent model) // Attempted reflected generic type conversion
        {
            if (model.GetType().BaseType == typeof(Parent))
            {
                var method = typeof(Extensions).GetMethod("Cast");
                var generic = method.MakeGenericMethod(new[] { model.GetType() });
                //var generic = generic.Invoke(new object(), null);
                //return generic.Run();
                return "Not working yet";
            }
            else
                return "Parent";
        }
        public static T Cast<T>(this object input)
        {
            return (T) input;   
        }
    
    }
    

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

ParentChildA创建两个扩展方法,您可以使用dynamic将关联移动到运行时。

Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", commands.Select(c => Extensions.Run(c as dynamic)))); 

答案 1 :(得分:1)

最好的Run方法重载在编译时解决,对于List<Parent>的项目是Run(this Parent model)。可以使用扩展方法中的反射来模仿多态行为

demonstration

using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public static class Extensions
{
    private static Dictionary<Type, MethodInfo> _runs;
    private static Type  _parentType;

    static Extensions()
    {
        _parentType = typeof(Parent);        
        _runs = new Dictionary<Type, MethodInfo>();

        // overloads of Run method, which return string for different types derived from Parent
        var methods = typeof(Extensions)
                      .GetMethods(BindingFlags.Static|BindingFlags.Public)
                      .Where(m => m.Name == "Run" && m.ReturnType == typeof(string));

        foreach(var mi in methods)
        {
            var args = mi.GetParameters();
            //  method should have only one parameter
            if (args.Length != 1 || _parentType.IsAssignableFrom(args[0].ParameterType) == false)
                return;         
            _runs.Add(args[0].ParameterType, mi);
        }

    }

//重载

    public static string Run(this ChildA model)
    {
        return "ChildA";
    }

    public static string Run(this Parent model, object args)
    {
        // this method is not added to _runs (2 parameters)
        return null;
    }

    public static int Run(this ChildC model)
    {
        // this method is not added to _runs (return int)
        return 0;
    }

    public static string Run(this Parent model) // Attempted dynamic type conversion
    {               
        // not really correct
        if (model == null)
            return "Parent";            
        var t = model.GetType();
        if (t == _parentType)       
            return "Parent";
        // invoke overload for type t
        if (_runs.ContainsKey(t))       
            return (string) _runs[t].Invoke(null, new object[] {model});        
        return "Not working yet";
    }       
}

//用法

public class Parent { };          // Should output "Parent"
public class ChildA : Parent { }; // Should output "Child A"
public class ChildB : Parent { }; // Should output "Not working yet"
public class ChildC : Parent { };

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var commands = new List<Parent>() { new ChildA(), new ChildB(), new Parent(),  new ChildC(), (ChildA)null};
        Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", commands.Select(c => c.Run())));

        // extension method can be invoked for null
        Console.WriteLine(((ChildA)null).Run());

        //// crashes on (ChildA)null with error: 
        //// The call is ambiguous between the following methods or properties: 'Extensions.Run(ChildA)' and 'Extensions.Run(ChildC)'
        //Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", commands.Select(c => Extensions.Run(c as dynamic))));
    }
}

恢复

扩展方法可以作为常用方法(.Run())调用,而不是作为静态Extensions.Run

扩展方法Run(this Parent model)存在null参数问题(无法解析类型正确)

dynamic

技巧在大多数情况下有效,但是:

  1. 调用int Run(this ChildC model)方法,该方法会像其他人一样返回int而非string(从列表中删除(ChildA)null时)
  2. The call is ambiguous between the following methods or properties: 'Extensions.Run(ChildA)' and 'Extensions.Run(ChildC)'错误而崩溃(我不明白)