我有两个表:表A和表B.这两个表与A中的主键和B中的外键链接。
表A:
CREATE TABLE [BIO].[table_A](
[table_A_id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[type_id] [nvarchar](2) NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT [PK_table_A] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[table_A_id] ASC
))
表B:
CREATE TABLE [BIO].[table_B](
[table_B_id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[table_A_id] [int] NOT NULL,
[analysis_id] [tinyint] NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT [PK_table_B] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[table_B_id] ASC
))
ALTER TABLE [BIO].[table_B] WITH CHECK
ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_table_B_table_A] FOREIGN KEY([table_A_id])
REFERENCES [BIO].[table_A] ([table_A_id])
GO
ALTER TABLE [BIO].[table_B] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_table_B_table_A]
GO
表B必须根据表A中的值仅包含特定值。 例如,如果表A中有BL,则表B中只能有1或3;如果我在表A中有ST,我在表B中只能有2或4。
我已经设置了一个桥接表来定义这些组合:BL→1或3,ST→2或4。
桥牌表:
CREATE TABLE [QRY].[bridge_table](
[type_id] [nvarchar](2) NOT NULL,
[analysis_id] [tinyint] NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_bridge_table] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[type_id] ASC,
[analysis_id] ASC
))
我目前正在为每个表使用一个约束,以确保根据桥接表中定义的组合,任何插入或更新都是正确的。这两个约束基于UDF。
表B上的约束:
ALTER TABLE [BIO].[Table_B] WITH CHECK
ADD CONSTRAINT [CK_chkAnalysisType]
CHECK (([QRY].[TypeAnalysisMatch_table_B]([table_A_id])>(0)))
GO
UDF:
CREATE FUNCTION [QRY].[TypeAnalysisMatch_table_B] (@table_A_id int)
RETURNS int
AS
BEGIN
RETURN
(
SELECT
Count(BIO.table_A.table_A_id) AS cnt_rec
FROM
QRY.bridge_table
INNER JOIN BIO.table_A ON QRY.bridge_table.type_id = BIO.table_A.type_id
INNER JOIN BIO.table_B ON
QRY.bridge_table.analysis_id = BIO.table_B.analysis_id
AND BIO.table_A.table_A_id = BIO.table_B.table_A_id
WHERE
BIO.table_A.table_A_id = @table_A_id
)
END
它适用于INSERT
,但不适用于UPDATE
。此外,正如我读到应该避免约束中的UDF,我正在寻找更好的解决方案。
这些限制的有效替代方案是什么?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
你是对的,在UDF
约束中CHECK
可能会很棘手,而且某些UPDATE
语句可能会绕过检查:
MSSQL: Update statement avoiding the CHECK constraint
正如您在SO问题中所看到的那样,建议使用触发器进行检查。编写正确有效的触发器也不是一件容易的事。
我认为您的bridge_table
包含以下数据:
type_id analysis_id
BL 1
BL 3
ST 2
ST 4
我只使用外键设置这些约束,而不使用UDF。但是,这需要一些(最小的)数据重复。我假设真实table_A
和table_B
的列数多于此示例。
1。在主要密钥中table_A
包括type_id
:
CREATE TABLE [table_A](
[table_A_id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[type_id] [nvarchar](2) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_table_A] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[table_A_id] ASC,
[type_id] ASC
))
2. 将type_id
列添加到table_B
。是的,与您在table_A
中已有的列相同。这就是我上面提到的重复数据:
CREATE TABLE [table_B](
[table_B_id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[table_A_id] [int] NOT NULL,
[type_id] [nvarchar](2) NOT NULL,
[analysis_id] [tinyint] NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT [PK_table_B] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[table_B_id] ASC
))
3。在两列table_B
上创建将table_A
与(table_A_id, type_id)
相关联的外键:
ALTER TABLE [table_B] WITH CHECK
ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_table_B_table_A] FOREIGN KEY([table_A_id], [type_id])
REFERENCES [table_A] ([table_A_id], [type_id])
此约束可确保type_id
中重复的table_B
值与table_A
中的原始值保持一致。
4。制作外键,将table_B
与bridge_table
再次链接到两列(type_id, analysis_id)
上:
ALTER TABLE [table_B] WITH CHECK
ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_table_B_bridge_table] FOREIGN KEY([type_id], [analysis_id])
REFERENCES [bridge_table] ([type_id], [analysis_id])
5. 现在您可以测试一切是否按预期运行。
向table_A
添加几行:
INSERT INTO [table_A] ([type_id])
VALUES ('BL'), ('BL'), ('ST'), ('ZZ');
table_A_id type_id
1 BL
2 BL
3 ST
4 ZZ
尝试将有效数据插入table_B
:
INSERT INTO [dbo].[table_B] ([table_A_id],[type_id],[analysis_id])
VALUES (1,'BL',1)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[table_B] ([table_A_id],[type_id],[analysis_id])
VALUES (1,'BL',3)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[table_B] ([table_A_id],[type_id],[analysis_id])
VALUES (2,'BL',3)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[table_B] ([table_A_id],[type_id],[analysis_id])
VALUES (3,'ST',2)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[table_B] ([table_A_id],[type_id],[analysis_id])
VALUES (3,'ST',2)
table_B_id table_A_id type_id analysis_id
1 1 BL 1
2 1 BL 3
3 2 BL 3
4 3 ST 2
5 3 ST 2
尝试插入无效数据:
INSERT INTO [dbo].[table_B] ([table_A_id],[type_id],[analysis_id])
VALUES (3,'ST',1)
The INSERT statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK_table_B_bridge_table".
The conflict occurred in database "tempdb", table "dbo.bridge_table".
The statement has been terminated.
这意味着,ST
不能拥有analysis_id=1
INSERT INTO [dbo].[table_B] ([table_A_id],[type_id],[analysis_id])
VALUES (3,'BL',1)
The INSERT statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK_table_B_table_A".
The conflict occurred in database "tempdb", table "dbo.table_A".
The statement has been terminated.
这意味着,table_A
中table_A_id=3
行BL
中的行type_id
中没有UPDATE
。
外键还会继续检查所有UPDATE [dbo].[table_B]
SET [type_id] = 'ST'
WHERE [table_B_id] = 1
The UPDATE statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK_table_B_table_A".
The conflict occurred in database "tempdb", table "dbo.table_A".
The statement has been terminated.
UPDATE [dbo].[table_B]
SET [analysis_id] = 2
WHERE [table_B_id] = 1
The UPDATE statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK_table_B_bridge_table".
The conflict occurred in database "tempdb", table "dbo.bridge_table".
The statement has been terminated.
语句的数据一致性:
UPDATE [dbo].[table_B]
SET [analysis_id] = 3
WHERE [table_B_id] = 1
(1 row(s) affected)
但是这个有效:
def main
@variable = "People are awesome!"
end