我有一个班级
function Node() {
//implementation
}
和另一个班级
function AttributionalNode() {
this.prototype.setAttr = function (attr) {
this.atText = attr;
};
}
AttributionalNode.prototype = new Node();
AttributionalNode.prototype.constructor = AttributionalNode;
如何使类Node()无法实例化? 例如,当我尝试
时var node = new Node();
所以它抛出一个例外?
答案 0 :(得分:44)
在支持ECMAScript 2015(又名ES6)类语法的JavaScript引擎中,这可以使用new.target
元属性来完成:
function Node() {
if (new.target === Node) throw TypeError("new of abstract class Node");
}
或使用类语法:
class Node {
constructor () {
if (new.target === Node) throw TypeError("new of abstract class Node");
}
}
在任何一种情况下,只需将AttributionalNode
定义为:
class AttributionalNode extends Node {
constructor () {
super();
}
setAttr(attr) {
this.atText = attr;
}
}
new Node(); // will throw TypeError
new AttributionalNode(); // works fine
有关new.target
的更详细说明,请参阅this document的第4.2节。
答案 1 :(得分:12)
这样可行:
function Node() {
if (this.constructor === Node) {
throw new Error("Cannot instantiate this class");
}
}
function AttributionalNode() {
Node.call(this); // call super
}
AttributionalNode.prototype = Object.create(Node.prototype);
AttributionalNode.prototype.setAttr = function (attr) {
this.atText = attr;
};
AttributionalNode.prototype.constructor = AttributionalNode;
var attrNode = new AttributionalNode();
console.log(attrNode);
new Node();

注意:你不能在构造函数中引用this.prototype
,因为原型只是构造函数的属性,而不是实例的属性。
另外,see here是关于如何正确扩展JS类的好文章。
答案 2 :(得分:6)
根据@ levi的回答,您可以使用与ES6一起使用的类似解决方案(因为new.target
尚未建立):
你可以看到它在Babel的repl:http://bit.ly/1cxYGOP
上运行class Node {
constructor () {
if (this.constructor === Node)
throw new Error("Cannot instantiate Base Class");
}
callMeBaby () {
console.log("Hello Baby!");
}
}
class AttributionalNode extends Node {
constructor () {
super();
console.log("AttributionalNode instantiated!");
}
}
let attrNode = new AttributionalNode();
attrNode.callMeBaby();
let node = new Node();
答案 3 :(得分:0)
基于这些评论,我写了
class AbstractClass {
constructor() {
if(new.target === AbstractClass || this.__proto__.__proto__.constructor === AbstractClass)
throw new TypeError("Cannot construct "+ this.constructor.name + " class instances directly");
let exceptions = {};
let currProto = this;
while(currProto.constructor !== AbstractClass ) {
for(let method of (currProto.constructor.abstractMethods || [])) {
if("function" !== typeof(this[method]))
exceptions[method] = currProto.constructor.name;
}
currProto = currProto.__proto__;
}
if(0 !== Object.keys(exceptions).length) {
let exceptionsArray = [];
for(let method in exceptions) {
exceptionsArray.push( exceptions[method] + "." + method);
}
exceptionsArray.sort();
throw new TypeError("Must override the following methods: " + exceptionsArray.join(", "));
}
}
}
用法:
class MyAbstractClass1 extends AbstractClass {
static abstractMethods = [
"myMethod1", // (x:string, y:string): string
"myMethod2" // (y:string, z:string): string
]
}
class MyAbstractClass2 extends MyAbstractClass1 {
static abstractMethods = [
"myMethod3", // (x:string, y:string): string
"myMethod4" // (y:string, z:string): string
]
}
class MyClass extends MyAbstractClass2 {
myMethod1(x, y){return "apple"}
}
new MyClass()
//Error
答案 4 :(得分:0)
尽管问题有一个 javascript 标记,但是由于当今许多项目都在JS之上使用 typescript ,所以值得注意的是TS具有support for abstract classes and methods开箱即用
abstract class Animal {
abstract makeSound(): void;
move(): void {
console.log("roaming the earth...");
}
}