我有http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/orm/inheritance.html#joined-table-inheritance
中列出的类继承方案from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
Base = declarative_base()
class Parent(Base):
__tablename__ = 'parent'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
type = Column(String)
__mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_on': type}
class Child(Parent):
__tablename__ = 'child'
id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('parent.id'), primary_key=True)
__mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': 'child'}
我希望能够使用Child
的构造函数(例如Parent
)创建Parent(type='child')
的实例,但它不起作用。当我启动IPython时......
In [1]: from stackoverflow.question import Parent, Child
In [2]: from sqlalchemy import create_engine
In [3]: from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
In [4]: session = sessionmaker(bind=create_engine(...), autocommit=True)()
In [5]: with session.begin():
p = Parent(type='child')
session.add(p)
...:
/.../lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/persistence.py:155: SAWarning: Flushing object <Parent at 0x7fe498378e10> with incompatible polymorphic identity 'child'; the object may not refresh and/or load correctly
mapper._validate_polymorphic_identity(mapper, state, dict_)
In [6]: session.query(Parent).all()
Out[6]: [<stackoverflow.question.Parent at 0x7fe498378e10>]
In [7]: session.query(Child).all()
Out[7]: []
这可能吗?这是个好主意吗?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
绝对不是个好主意。而不是使用构造函数来做一些黑客攻击,你可以只有一个单独的帮助函数(工厂):
# create this manually
OBJ_TYPE_MAP = {
# @note: using both None and 'parent', but should settle on one
None: Parent, 'parent': Parent,
'child': Child,
}
# ... or even automatically from the mappings:
OBJ_TYPE_MAP = {
x.polymorphic_identity: x.class_
for x in Parent.__mapper__.self_and_descendants
}
print(OBJ_TYPE_MAP)
def createNewObject(type_name, **kwargs):
typ = OBJ_TYPE_MAP.get(type_name)
assert typ, "Unknown type: {}".format(type_name)
return typ(**kwargs)
a_parent = createNewObject(None, p_field1='parent_name1')
a_child = createNewObject(
'child', p_field1='child_name1', c_field2='child_desc')
session.add_all([a_child, a_parent])
另一个注意事项:对于Parent
我将为{'polymorphic_identity': 'parent'}
定义一个值。它比None
更清晰。
EDIT-1:使用构造函数
不是我推荐它,或者我真的知道我在这里做了什么,但如果你将以下定义的__new__
添加到Parent
类:
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
typ = kwargs.get('type') # or .pop(...)
if typ and not kwargs.pop('_my_hack', None):
# print("Special handling for {}...".format(typ))
if typ == 'parent':
# here we can *properly* call the next in line
return super(Parent, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
elif typ == 'child':
# @note: need this to avoid endless recursion
kwargs["_my_hack"] = True
# here we need to cheat somewhat
return Child.__new__(Child, *args, **kwargs)
else:
raise Exception("nono")
else:
x = super(Parent, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
return x
您可以使用旧方法(当type=xxx
没有传递给__init__
时),或者通过提供参数来执行您要求的操作:
old_parent = Parent(field1=xxx, ...)
old_child = Child(field1=xxx, ...)
new_child = Parent(type='child', field1=xxx, ...)
同样,我不确定所有含义,特别是因为sqlalchemy还会覆盖创建例程并使用自己的元类。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
当使用sqlalchemy声明性映射时,会为每个类生成一个映射器。
你要做的是创建一个Parent的实例,它将作为Child的一个实例,这是你不能做的事情,至少不会诉诸黑客。
通过这个事实(你必须经历箍)这不是一个好主意。也许你根本不需要继承?
编辑
如果你不想有条件逻辑或查找,你必须根据用户输入选择一个类,你可以做这样的事情
cls = getattr(module_containing_the_classes, "<user_input>")
cls(**kw)