所以我试图学习使用Python(2.x)装饰器,并且在弄乱它们时,我遇到了......一个奇怪的事情。总而言之,我想我试图使用装饰器将装饰函数添加到其他地方的存储中。
我不知道这是最恐怖的做事方式,但我想了解出了什么问题。
假设我有一个模块(我作为脚本运行),如下所示:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# main.py
d = {}
b = []
def mydecorator(name):
b.append(name)
def decorator(fun):
d[name] = fun
print 'in here', d, b
return fun
print 'and here', d, b
return decorator
class SomeClass:
@mydecorator('a thing')
def working_func(self, params):
# do stuff
pass
def main():
# do stuff
print 'out there', d, b
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
按预期打印:
and here {} ['a thing']
in here {'a thing': <function working_func at 0x7fd6b69e0758>} ['a thing']
out there {'a thing': <function working_func at 0x7fd6b69e0758>} ['a thing']
但是,如果我将课程移到单独的模块中
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# module.py
from main import mydecorator
class AnotherClass:
@mydecorator('boo')
def not_workin_func(self, params):
# do stuff
pass
并将其导入main.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# main.py
import module
d = {}
b = []
def mydecorator(name):
b.append(name)
def decorator(fun):
d[name] = fun
print 'in here', d, b
return fun
print 'and here', d, b
return decorator
def main():
# do stuff
print 'out there', d, b
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
列表和字典中的更改不会持续:
and here {} ['boo']
in here {'boo': <function not_workin_func at 0x7fd1009917d0>} ['boo']
out there {} []
我想这与python如何处理范围/模块导入有关?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
问题是循环导入,在d
初始化后,字典b
和列表module
会被替换为空列表。
您可以通过添加一些打印语句来查看执行顺序:
module.py:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# module.py
print(' module - init')
print(' module - importing from main')
from main import mydecorator
#import main
print(' module - definiting class')
class AnotherClass:
@mydecorator('boo')
def not_workin_func(self, params):
# do stuff
pass
main.py:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# main.py
print('main - importing module')
import module
print('main - making empty d,b')
d = {}
b = []
print('main - definiting mydecorator')
def mydecorator(name):
b.append(name)
def decorator(fun):
d[name] = fun
print 'in here', d, b
return fun
print 'and here', d, b
return decorator
print('main - defining main')
def main():
# do stuff
print 'out there', d, b
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('main - running main')
main()
现在,当您运行python main.py
时,您可以看到以什么顺序发生的事情:
main - importing module
module - init
module - importing from main
main - importing module
main - making empty d,b
main - definiting mydecorator
main - defining main
module - definiting class
and here {} ['boo']
in here {'boo': <function not_workin_func at 0x100ca4aa0>} ['boo']
main - making empty d,b
main - definiting mydecorator
main - defining main
main - running main
out there {} []
您可以看到{<1}}和d
在在类定义中应用了装饰器之后被重新分配给空列表和词典。
老实说,除了将装饰器和b
和d
移出main并进入自己的模块以解决循环依赖之外,我真的无法弄清楚如何解决这个问题,但我认为如果不是严格禁止的话,大多数人都会同意尽可能避免循环进口。