Question

使用Windows资源管理器查看文件时，我可以选择设置“标记”，“类别”或其他属性。对于JPEG，可以选择不同的属性集（包括“标记”）。我希望能够以编程方式设置它们。

如何使用Delphi（我有Delphi 2010 Pro）以编程方式设置文件标签和其他文件属性？

Answer 1

JPEG文件中的标签存储为IPTC关键字。有一些图书馆可供阅读和写作，如果这就是你要求的。

Explorer为不同的文件类型显示不同的列，因为它知道这些文件类型支持这些额外的列。您可以定义shell插件以支持您自己的文件类型的自定义列信息。 MSDN provides an overview.

Answer 2

我认为您想要在资源管理器中按鼠标右键，检索可以接受的文件的所有属性。

您可以使用此单位：

unit u_fsummary;

interface

uses Windows, ComObj, ActiveX, Variants, Sysutils;

procedure SetFileSummaryInfo(const FileName : WideString; Author, Title, Subject, Keywords, Comments : WideString);
function GetFileSummaryInfo(const FileName: WideString): String;
function IsNTFS(AFileName : string) : boolean;

implementation

const

FmtID_SummaryInformation: TGUID =     '{F29F85E0-4FF9-1068-AB91-08002B27B3D9}';
FMTID_DocSummaryInformation : TGUID = '{D5CDD502-2E9C-101B-9397-08002B2CF9AE}';
FMTID_UserDefinedProperties : TGUID = '{D5CDD505-2E9C-101B-9397-08002B2CF9AE}';
IID_IPropertySetStorage : TGUID =     '{0000013A-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}';

STGFMT_FILE = 3; //Indicates that the file must not be a compound file.
                 //This element is only valid when using the StgCreateStorageEx
                 //or StgOpenStorageEx functions to access the NTFS file system
                 //implementation of the IPropertySetStorage interface.
                 //Therefore, these functions return an error if the riid
                 //parameter does not specify the IPropertySetStorage interface,
                 //or if the specified file is not located on an NTFS file system volume.

STGFMT_ANY = 4; //Indicates that the system will determine the file type and
                //use the appropriate structured storage or property set
                //implementation.
                //This value cannot be used with the StgCreateStorageEx function.


// Summary Information
 PID_TITLE        = 2;
 PID_SUBJECT      = 3;
 PID_AUTHOR       = 4;
 PID_KEYWORDS     = 5;
 PID_COMMENTS     = 6;
 PID_TEMPLATE     = 7;
 PID_LASTAUTHOR   = 8;
 PID_REVNUMBER    = 9;
 PID_EDITTIME     = 10;
 PID_LASTPRINTED  = 11;
 PID_CREATE_DTM   = 12;
 PID_LASTSAVE_DTM = 13;
 PID_PAGECOUNT    = 14;
 PID_WORDCOUNT    = 15;
 PID_CHARCOUNT    = 16;
 PID_THUMBNAIL    = 17;
 PID_APPNAME      = 18;
 PID_SECURITY     = 19;

 // Document Summary Information
 PID_CATEGORY     = 2;
 PID_PRESFORMAT   = 3;
 PID_BYTECOUNT    = 4;
 PID_LINECOUNT    = 5;
 PID_PARCOUNT     = 6;
 PID_SLIDECOUNT   = 7;
 PID_NOTECOUNT    = 8;
 PID_HIDDENCOUNT  = 9;
 PID_MMCLIPCOUNT  = 10;
 PID_SCALE        = 11;
 PID_HEADINGPAIR  = 12;
 PID_DOCPARTS     = 13;
 PID_MANAGER      = 14;
 PID_COMPANY      = 15;
 PID_LINKSDIRTY   = 16;
 PID_CHARCOUNT2   = 17;

function IsNTFS(AFileName : string) : boolean;
var
fso, drv : OleVariant;
begin
IsNTFS := False;
fso := CreateOleObject('Scripting.FileSystemObject');
drv := fso.GetDrive(fso.GetDriveName(AFileName));
 if drv.FileSystem = 'NTFS' then
  IsNTFS := True;
end;

function StgOpenStorageEx (
 const pwcsName : POleStr;  //Pointer to the path of the
                            //file containing storage object
 grfMode : LongInt;         //Specifies the access mode for the object
 stgfmt : DWORD;            //Specifies the storage file format
 grfAttrs : DWORD;          //Reserved; must be zero
 pStgOptions : Pointer;     //Address of STGOPTIONS pointer
 reserved2 : Pointer;       //Reserved; must be zero
 riid : PGUID;              //Specifies the GUID of the interface pointer
 out stgOpen :              //Address of an interface pointer
 IStorage ) : HResult; stdcall; external 'ole32.dll';


function GetFileSummaryInfo(const FileName: WideString): String;

var
 I: Integer;
 PropSetStg: IPropertySetStorage;
 PropSpec: array of TPropSpec;
 PropStg: IPropertyStorage;
 PropVariant: array of TPropVariant;
 Rslt: HResult;
 S: String;
 Stg: IStorage;
 PropEnum: IEnumSTATPROPSTG;
 HR : HResult;
 PropStat: STATPROPSTG;
 k : integer;

function PropertyPIDToCaption(const ePID: Cardinal): string;
begin
 case ePID of
   PID_TITLE:
     Result := 'Title';
   PID_SUBJECT:
     Result := 'Subject';
   PID_AUTHOR:
     Result := 'Author';
   PID_KEYWORDS:
     Result := 'Keywords';
   PID_COMMENTS:
     Result := 'Comments';
   PID_TEMPLATE:
     Result := 'Template';
   PID_LASTAUTHOR:
     Result := 'Last Saved By';
   PID_REVNUMBER:
     Result := 'Revision Number';
   PID_EDITTIME:
     Result := 'Total Editing Time';
   PID_LASTPRINTED:
     Result := 'Last Printed';
   PID_CREATE_DTM:
     Result := 'Create Time/Date';
   PID_LASTSAVE_DTM:
     Result := 'Last Saved Time/Date';
   PID_PAGECOUNT:
     Result := 'Number of Pages';
   PID_WORDCOUNT:
     Result := 'Number of Words';
   PID_CHARCOUNT:
     Result := 'Number of Characters';
   PID_THUMBNAIL:
     Result := 'Thumbnail';
   PID_APPNAME:
     Result := 'Creating Application';
   PID_SECURITY:
     Result := 'Security';
   else
     Result := '$' + IntToHex(ePID, 8);
   end
end;

begin
 Result := '';
try
 OleCheck(StgOpenStorageEx(PWideChar(FileName),
 STGM_READ or STGM_SHARE_DENY_WRITE,
 STGFMT_FILE,
 0, nil,  nil, @IID_IPropertySetStorage, stg));

 PropSetStg := Stg as IPropertySetStorage;

 OleCheck(PropSetStg.Open(FmtID_SummaryInformation,
    STGM_READ or STGM_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE, PropStg));

 OleCheck(PropStg.Enum(PropEnum));
 I := 0;

 hr := PropEnum.Next(1, PropStat, nil);
  while hr = S_OK do
  begin
    inc(I);
    SetLength(PropSpec,I);
    PropSpec[i-1].ulKind := PRSPEC_PROPID;
    PropSpec[i-1].propid := PropStat.propid;
    hr := PropEnum.Next(1, PropStat, nil);
 end;

 SetLength(PropVariant,i);
 Rslt := PropStg.ReadMultiple(i, @PropSpec[0], @PropVariant[0]);

 if Rslt =  S_FALSE then Exit;

 for k := 0 to i -1 do
  begin
    S := '';
    if PropVariant[k].vt = VT_LPSTR then
      if Assigned(PropVariant[k].pszVal) then
       S := PropVariant[k].pszVal;

    S := Format(PropertyPIDToCaption(PropSpec[k].Propid)+ ' %s',[s]);
   if S <> '' then Result := Result + S + #13;
 end;
 finally
 end;
end;

procedure SetFileSummaryInfo(const FileName : WideString; Author, Title, Subject, Keywords, Comments : WideString);

var
PropSetStg: IPropertySetStorage;
PropSpec: array of TPropSpec;
PropStg: IPropertyStorage;
PropVariant: array of TPropVariant;
Stg: IStorage;

begin
 OleCheck(StgOpenStorageEx(PWideChar(FileName), STGM_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE or STGM_READWRITE, STGFMT_ANY, 0, nil,  nil, @IID_IPropertySetStorage, stg));
 PropSetStg := Stg as IPropertySetStorage;
 OleCheck(PropSetStg.Create(FmtID_SummaryInformation, FmtID_SummaryInformation, PROPSETFLAG_DEFAULT,STGM_CREATE or STGM_READWRITE or STGM_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE, PropStg));
 Setlength(PropSpec,6);
 PropSpec[0].ulKind := PRSPEC_PROPID;
 PropSpec[0].propid := PID_AUTHOR;
 PropSpec[1].ulKind := PRSPEC_PROPID;
 PropSpec[1].propid := PID_TITLE;
 PropSpec[2].ulKind := PRSPEC_PROPID;
 PropSpec[2].propid := PID_SUBJECT;
 PropSpec[3].ulKind := PRSPEC_PROPID;
 PropSpec[3].propid := PID_KEYWORDS;
 PropSpec[4].ulKind := PRSPEC_PROPID;
 PropSpec[4].propid := PID_COMMENTS;
 PropSpec[5].ulKind := PRSPEC_PROPID;
 PropSpec[5].propid := 99;

 SetLength(PropVariant,6);
 PropVariant[0].vt:=VT_LPWSTR;
 PropVariant[0].pwszVal:=PWideChar(Author);
 PropVariant[1].vt:=VT_LPWSTR;
 PropVariant[1].pwszVal:=PWideChar(Title);
 PropVariant[2].vt:= VT_LPWSTR;
 PropVariant[2].pwszVal:=PWideChar(Subject);
 PropVariant[3].vt:= VT_LPWSTR;
 PropVariant[3].pwszVal:=PWideChar(Keywords);
 PropVariant[4].vt:= VT_LPWSTR;
 PropVariant[4].pwszVal:=PWideChar(Comments);
 PropVariant[5].vt:= VT_LPWSTR;
 PropVariant[5].pwszVal:=PWideChar(Comments);
 OleCheck(PropStg.WriteMultiple(6, @PropSpec[0], @PropVariant[0], 2 ));
 PropStg.Commit(STGC_DEFAULT);
end;


end.

这不是我的代码，但我已成功使用它。它工作正常。要检索属性，您可以执行以下操作：

mmProps2.Lines.Text := GetFileSummaryInfo(edtFile.Text);

问候

Neftalí

Answer 3

我知道没有标准方法来存储其他元数据信息。每个应用程序都可以注册自己的属性选项卡，并可以以任何方式存储此元数据信息。

我相信你在谈论Windows Photo Gallery的图像标记功能。

信息存储在两个文件中：pictures.pd4和NavTree.state 由Gail Bjork person who wanted to remove this information确定。

存储在：C：\ Users \ YourUser \ AppData \ Local \ Microsoft \ Windows Photo Gallery。

Some people已经找到了文件格式。但我没有找到微软或外部任何人发布的规范。

您还询问了可以通过

设置的其他文件属性

FileSetAttr(FileName,Attribute)

可以设置的属性：

faReadOnly
faHidden
faSysFile
faVolumeID
faDirectory
faArchive
faSymLink

//The following sets test.txt to a readonly and hidden file. FileSetAttr('C:\Test.txt',faReadOnly or faHidden);

该函数有一个布尔结果，您可以检查操作是否成功完成。

Answer 4

我正在开发一个标记应用程序，似乎最好的答案是Windows Imaging Component API，它具有读取和编写各种图像格式元数据的实现（Exif，IPTC等）。应区分文件系统中文件的元数据和文件本身内的元数据 - 这是引用后者的。

Getty Images also has a good article on programming with the WIC API.

如何以编程方式设置文件标记

4 个答案: