我不确定为什么我会收到此错误。我对kivy来说还是比较新的，对于那些有关kivy的更多经验，错误可能是显而易见的，所以请将您的知识传授给我。我假设我没有在kv语言中正确使用函数调用，或者我没有在正确的位置定义函数。如果是这样的话，任何人都可以给出一些指示如何正确地做到这一点。
顺便说一下，我知道有些图书馆目前还没有针对python-for-android的配方，我稍后会做到这一点。我也知道，在我准备好移植到我的设备后，我必须找到matplotlib的解决方法/使用其他一些方法进行绘图。
这是我的main.py代码：
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.scatter import Scatter
from kivy.uix.label import Label
from kivy.uix.floatlayout import FloatLayout
from kivy.uix.textinput import TextInput
from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager, Screen
from kivy.uix.gridlayout import GridLayout
from kivy.uix.relativelayout import RelativeLayout
from kivy.core.window import Window
from kivy.uix.image import Image
from kivy.graphics import BorderImage
from kivy.graphics import Color, Rectangle, Line
import random
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
#import pylab as pl
import requests
import openpyxl as xl
#from operator import itemgetter
from collections import Counter
from lxml import html
import numpy as np
class HomeScreen(Screen):
pass
class LotterySelcetionScreen(Screen):
pass
class TableScreen(Screen):
pass
class TutorialApp(App):
screen_manager = None
def build(self):
#Window.clearcolor = (1,1,1,1)
self.screen_manager = ScreenManager()
self.screen_manager.add_widget(HomeScreen(name='home'))
self.screen_manager.add_widget(LotterySelcetionScreen(name='lottery_selection'))
self.screen_manager.add_widget(TableScreen(name='table'))
#function to load the table form the excel file corresponding to the passed sheet name
def loadTable(self, sheetName):
lotteryData = pd.ExcelFile("Lottery databases.xlsx") #grabs and loads the file into memory
df = lotteryData.parse(sheetName) #loads the data table form the corresponding sheetName into the df data frame
return df
#function to display the table
def showTable(self, table):
#get the number of rows the table has
no_of_rows = len(table.index)
#display the table
return table.head(no_of_rows)
#function to display pie charts of a specific column within the database
#table is the database that the function will be working with
#and column is a numberical vaule of which column to get the data from
def printPieChart(self, table, column):
if column == 6:
columnList = table.iloc[:, -1:].values.T.ravel()
else:
columnList = table.iloc[:, (column - 7): (column - 6)].values.T.ravel()
countedList = Counter(columnList)
#set up the size of the pie chart
fig = plt.figure(figsize=[10, 10])
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
cmap = plt.prism()
#input variables for pie function
slices = [float(v) for v in countedList.values()]
colors = cmap(np.linspace(0., 1., len(slices)))
labels = [float(k) for k in countedList]
columnHeaders = list(table.columns.values)
#the pie chart
pie_wedge_collection = ax.pie(slices, colors = colors, labels = labels, labeldistance = 1.05, autopct = '%1.1f%%')
#get rid of the black outlines between the wedges and around the pie
for pie_wedge in pie_wedge_collection[0]:
pie_wedge.set_edgecolor('white')
ax.set_title(columnHeaders[column + 1])
#can't display a Legends as there's too many for plt.legends() too handle
#return pyplot.pie([float(v) for v in countedList.values()], labels = [float(k) for k in countedList])
def updateDatabase(self):
wb = xl.load_workbook("Lottery databases.xlsx") #load the workbook into memory
#list of the sheet names within the workbook
sheetnames = ["SuperLotto", "MegaMillions", "Powerball"]
days = ["Tue. ", "Wed. ", "Fri. ", "Sat. "] #days the draws on done on
#list of the webpages to use grab the new draws
webPages = ['http://www.calottery.com/play/draw-games/superlotto-plus/winning-numbers', 'http://www.calottery.com/play/draw-games/mega-millions/winning-numbers', 'http://www.calottery.com/play/draw-games/powerball/winning-numbers']
x = 3
while x != 0:
ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name(sheetnames[x-1]) # which sheet to update
rowIndex = ws.get_highest_row() # gets the highest row index in the sheet
lastCellValue = ws.cell(row = rowIndex - 1, column = 0).value #gets the last value in the first column, draw number
page = requests.get(webPages[x-1]) #grabs the webpage needed
tree = html.fromstring(page.text) #puts the webpage into a tree structure to make it easy to traverse
#get the newest draw and date from the webpage for comparasion purposes
draw_and_date = tree.xpath('//*[@id="objBody_content_0_pagecontent_0_objPastWinningNumbers_rptPast_ctl01_lblDrawDateNumber"]/text()')
#if the table is up to date, it will move on to the next table else it will update it
y = int(draw_and_date[0][-4:]) - int(lastCellValue) # checks to see how many draws are missing from the table
if y == 0:
#print("The table for " + sheetnames[x-1] + " is up to date.")
x -= 1 #decrement x by 1 to move on to the next table
else:
#while loop to check if the table needs to be updated or not, if yes it will update it
while y != 0:
#grabs the draw and date of the missing draws from the table
draw_and_date = tree.xpath('//*[@id="objBody_content_0_pagecontent_0_objPastWinningNumbers_rptPast_ctl0' + str(y) + '_lblDrawDateNumber"]/text()')
numbers = tree.xpath(".//*[@id='content']/div[3]/table/tr[" + str(y) + "]/td[2]/span/text()") #numbers
numbers = [int(x) for x in numbers] # converts the text to integers
numbers.sort() #sort the number from smallest to largest
mega = tree.xpath(".//*[@id='content']/div[3]/table/tr[" + str(y) + "]/td[3]/text()") #mega number
mega = int(mega[0]) # converts the text to integers
#write to the file
if sheetnames[x-1] == "MegaMillions":
d = 0
else:
d = 1
if int(draw_and_date[0][-4:]) % 2 == 0:
# if the draw date is even then the day is a Friday/Saturday
ws.append([int(draw_and_date[0][-4:]), (days[d+2] + draw_and_date[0][:12]), numbers[0], numbers[1], numbers[2], numbers[3], numbers[4], mega]) # print the draw date
else:
# if the draw date is odd then the day is a Tuesday/Wednesday
ws.append([int(draw_and_date[0][-4:]), (days[d] + draw_and_date[0][:12]), numbers[0], numbers[1], numbers[2], numbers[3], numbers[4], mega])
y -= 1 #decrement y by 1 to get the next missing draw
#print("Updated the " + sheetnames[x-1] + " table successfully!")
x -= 1 #decrement x by 1 to move on to the next table
wb.save("Lottery databases.xlsx") #save the workbook
#print("Saved the database Sucessfully!")
# function to get a list of the occurring numbers in each column
# 6 for the first number columns or 1 for the mega/powerball column
def getPopularList(self, table, x):
popular_list = list()
if x != 1:
while x != 0:
column_list = table.iloc[:, (0 - x): (1 - x)].values.T.ravel() # the all of the values in the column
counted_list = Counter(column_list) # counts how many time each value occurs within the column
top_five = counted_list.most_common(5) # the top five within the column
top_five.sort() # sorts the top five
popular_list = popular_list + top_five
x -= 1 # decrement x by 1
else:
column_list = table.iloc[:, (0 - x):].values.T.ravel() # the all of the values in the column
counted_list = Counter(column_list) # counts how many time each value occurs within the column
top_ten = counted_list.most_common(10) # the top five within the column
top_ten.sort() # sorts the top five
popular_list = popular_list + top_ten
#popular_list is actually a tuple of list which contains the value and how many times that value occured
#but we only want the values by themselves
popular_list_values = [y[0] for y in popular_list] #this gives us a list of the values
return popular_list_values
# Function to generate a ticket based on the popular numbers in the lottery
def generate_ticket(self, table):
firstFive = self.getPopularList(table, 6) # get the popular numbers for the first five slots
mega = self.getPopularList(table, 1) # gets the popular numbers for the mega/powerball slot
five = self.getNumbers(firstFive, 5) # gets first five numbers for the ticket
one = self.getNumbers(mega, 1) #gets the mega/powerball for the ticket
five.append(one)
return five
#function to get numbers
def getNumbers(self, numbers_list, x):
numbers = list() #empty list
rand_range_list = list(range(0, len(numbers_list))) #list of the numbers to choice from at random
if x != 1:
while x != 0:
y = random.choice(rand_range_list) #pick a number
#it's not making the list properly at the moment, FIX IT!
#numbers = numbers + numbers_list[y] #add a number to our list to return
numbers.append(numbers_list[y]) #append the number to the end of the list
rand_range_list.remove(y) #remove y from our rand_range_list to prevent any repeats
x -= 1
else:
numbers = random.choice(numbers_list) # add a number to our list to return
return numbers
# function to print the ticket based on which lottery it's from
def printTicket(self, ticket, lottery):
#small bubblesort for the first five numbers
for x in range(1, 5):
for y in range(0, 4):
if ticket[y] > ticket[y + 1]:
temp = ticket[y]
ticket[y] = ticket[y + 1]
ticket[y + 1] = temp
#print statements depending on the lottery
#print the ticket without any brackets
if lottery != "Powerball":
return str(ticket)[1:-4] + " Mega " + str(ticket[-1])
else:
return str(ticket)[1:-4] + " Powerball " + str(ticket[-1])
return self.screen_manager
if __name__ == '__main__':
TutorialApp().run()
我的tutorial.kv：
<HomeScreen>:
RelativeLayout:
Image:
source: 'images/background3.jpg'
size_hint: None, None
size: self.texture_size
pos: self.pos
Button:
font_size: sp(30)
text: 'Select Lottery'
size_hint_x: None
width: self.texture_size[0]
size_hint_y: None
height: self.texture_size[1]
pos: root.width / 2 - (self.width / 2), root.height / 2
on_press: root.manager.current = 'lottery_selection'
Button:
size_hint_x: None
width: self.texture_size[0]
size_hint_y: None
height: self.texture_size[1]
pos: root.width - self.width, 0
font_size: sp(30)
text: 'Quit'
on_press: app.stop()
<LotterySelcetionScreen>:
BoxLayout:
orientation: 'vertical'
Button:
text: 'SuperLotto'
on_press: root.manager.current = 'table'
Button:
text: 'MegaMillions'
Button:
text: 'Powerball'
Button:
text: 'Back to home'
on_press: root.manager.current = 'home'
<TableScreen>:
RelativeLayout:
Label:
id: label1
text: str(app.root.generate_ticket(app.root.loadTable('SuperLotto')))
height: 150
这里是追溯：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/havik/workspace/kivyapp2.7/main.py", line 384, in <module>
TutorialApp().run()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/app.py", line 798, in run
root = self.build()
File "/home/havik/workspace/kivyapp2.7/main.py", line 207, in build
self.screen_manager.add_widget(TableScreen(name='table'))
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/uix/relativelayout.py", line 255, in __init__
super(RelativeLayout, self).__init__(**kw)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/uix/floatlayout.py", line 66, in __init__
super(FloatLayout, self).__init__(**kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/uix/layout.py", line 66, in __init__
super(Layout, self).__init__(**kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/uix/widget.py", line 271, in __init__
Builder.apply(self)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/lang.py", line 1872, in apply
self._apply_rule(widget, rule, rule)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/lang.py", line 2018, in _apply_rule
e), cause=tb)
kivy.lang.BuilderException: Parser: File "/home/havik/workspace/kivyapp2.7/tutorial.kv", line 45:
...
43: Label:
44: id: label1
>> 45: text: str(app.root.generate_ticket(app.root.loadTable('SuperLotto')))
46: height: 150
...
BuilderException: Parser: File "/home/havik/workspace/kivyapp2.7/tutorial.kv", line 45:
...
43: Label:
44: id: label1
>> 45: text: str(app.root.generate_ticket(app.root.loadTable('SuperLotto')))
46: height: 150
...
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'generate_ticket'
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/lang.py", line 1649, in create_handler
return eval(value, idmap)
File "/home/havik/workspace/kivyapp2.7/tutorial.kv", line 45, in <module>
text: str(app.root.generate_ticket(app.root.loadTable('SuperLotto')))
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/lang.py", line 2011, in _apply_rule
value, rule, rctx['ids'])
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/lang.py", line 1654, in create_handler
cause=tb)
答案 0 :(得分：0)
在设置app.root之前，您在构建方法中实例化了一个TableScreen，因此app.root.generate_ticket不存在。
一种选择是直接在构建方法中设置TableScreen内容，而不是使用kv规则。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
我试着这样做，但是我无法在构建方法中正确定义屏幕，所以我试图用kv语言编写代码并且能够解决问题。因为没有早日意识到，我感到非常愚蠢。我只需要从str中删除root（app.root.generate_ticket（app.root.loadTable（＆＃39; SuperLotto＆＃39;）））这就解决了这个问题。