我正在寻找一种方法来解析yaml文件并更改每个字符串然后保存文件而不更改原始文件的结构。在我看来,我不应该使用正则表达式,而是使用某种yaml解析器。 示例yaml输入波纹管:
receipt: Oz-Ware Purchase Invoice
date: 2007-08-06
customer:
given: Dorothy
items:
- part_no: A4786
descrip: Water Bucket (Filled)
- part_no: E1628
descrip: High Heeled "Ruby" Slippers
size: 8
bill-to: &id001
street: |
123 Tornado Alley
Suite 16
city: East Centerville
state: KS
ship-to: *id001
specialDelivery: >
Follow the Yellow Brick
Road to the Emerald City.
...
期望的输出:
receipt: ###Oz-Ware Purchase Invoice###
date: ###2007-08-06###
customer:
given: ###Dorothy###
items:
- part_no: ###A4786###
descrip: ###Water Bucket (Filled)###
- part_no: ###E1628###
descrip: ###High Heeled "Ruby" Slippers###
size: ###8###
bill-to: ###&id001###
street: |
###123 Tornado Alley
Suite 16###
city: ###East Centerville###
state: ###KS###
ship-to: ###*id001###
specialDelivery: >
###Follow the Yellow Brick
Road to the Emerald City.###
...
是否有一个好的yaml解析器可以处理复杂的yaml文件,更改字符串并保存数据而不影响文档结构?也许你还有其他想法如何解决这个问题。基本上我想迭代文档顶部的每个字符串,并对字符串进行一些修改。 任何提示都赞赏。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
YAML规范有this to say:
在表示模型中,映射键没有顺序。要序列化映射,必须对其键进行排序。此顺序是序列化详细信息,在编写表示图时不应使用(因此保留应用程序数据)。在节点顺序很重要的每种情况下,必须使用序列。例如,有序映射可以表示为映射序列,其中每个映射是单个键:值对。 YAML为这种情况提供了方便的紧凑符号。
所以你真的不应该期望YAML在加载和保存文档时保持任何顺序。
话虽这么说,我完全明白你的来源。由于YAML文件适用于人类,因此保持一定的顺序绝对有帮助。不幸的是,由于规范,大多数实现将使用无序数据结构来表示键/值映射。在C#和Python中,这将是一个字典;和字典是没有订单的设计。
但是C#和Python都有排序的字典类型OrderedDictionary
和OrderedDict
,至少对于Python来说,过去已经做了一些努力来维护使用有序字典的密钥顺序: / p>
!!omap
type是一种特殊的有序映射。它在PyYAML中得到了支持。OrderedLoader
。还有一个简短的解决方法,使用YAML构造函数in between,以及加载器at the end的可能实现。OrderedDict
s。这就是Python方面;我确信C#实现也有类似的努力。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
大多数YAML解析器是为读取YAML构建的,可以是由其他程序编写的,也可以是由人编辑的,也可以用于编写YAML以供其他程序读取。众所周知缺乏的是解析器编写人类仍然可读的YAML的能力:
加载手工加载的YAML文件的转储将导致与初始加载相同的内部数据结构,但中间转储通常看起来不像原始(手工制作的)YAML。
如果您有Python程序:
import ruamel.yaml as yaml
yaml_str = """\
receipt: Oz-Ware Purchase Invoice
date: 2007-08-06
customer:
given: Dorothy
items:
- part_no: A4786
descrip: Water Bucket (Filled)
- part_no: E1628
descrip: High Heeled "Ruby" Slippers
size: 8
bill-to: &id001
street: |
123 Tornado Alley
Suite 16
city: East Centerville
state: KS
ship-to: *id001
specialDelivery: >
Follow the Yellow Brick
Road to the Emerald City.
"""
data1 = yaml.load(yaml_str, Loader=yaml.Loader)
dump_str = yaml.dump(data1, Dumper=yaml.Dumper)
data2 = yaml.load(dump_str, Loader=yaml.Loader)
然后以下断言成立:
assert data1 == data2
assert dump_str != yaml_str
中间人dump_str
看起来像:
bill-to: &id001 {city: East Centerville, state: KS, street: '123 Tornado Alley
Suite 16
'}
customer: {given: Dorothy}
date: 2007-08-06
items:
- {descrip: Water Bucket (Filled), part_no: A4786}
- {descrip: High Heeled "Ruby" Slippers, part_no: E1628, size: 8}
receipt: Oz-Ware Purchase Invoice
ship-to: *id001
specialDelivery: 'Follow the Yellow Brick Road to the Emerald City.
'
以上是ruamel.yaml,PyYAML以及其他语言和在线YAML转换服务中的许多YAML解析器的默认行为。对于某些解析器,这是唯一提供的行为。
我启动ruamel.yaml作为PyYAML的增强的原因是从手工制作的YAML到内部数据,再到YAML,导致更好的人类可读性(我称之为 round-tripping < / em>),并保留更多信息(尤其是评论)。
data = yaml.load(yaml_str, Loader=yaml.RoundTripLoader)
print yaml.dump(data, Dumper=yaml.RoundTripDumper)
给你:
receipt: Oz-Ware Purchase Invoice
date: 2007-08-06
customer:
given: Dorothy
items:
- part_no: A4786
descrip: Water Bucket (Filled)
- part_no: E1628
descrip: High Heeled "Ruby" Slippers
size: 8
bill-to: &id001
street: |
123 Tornado Alley
Suite 16
city: East Centerville
state: KS
ship-to: *id001
specialDelivery: 'Follow the Yellow Brick Road to the Emerald City.
'
我的重点是评论,关键,顺序和字面块样式。标量和折叠标量周围的间距不是特别的。
从那里开始(你也可以在PyYAML中执行此操作,但是你没有ruamel.yaml键序保持的内置增强功能)你可以提供特殊的发射器,或者在较低级别挂钩系统,覆盖emitter.py
中的一些方法(并确保你可以调用
您不需要处理的案件的原件:
def rewrite_write_plain(self, text, split=True):
if self.state == self.expect_block_mapping_simple_value:
text = '###' + text + '###'
while self.column < 20:
text = ' ' + text
self.column += 1
self._org_write_plain(text, split)
def rewrite_write_literal(self, text):
if self.state == self.expect_block_mapping_simple_value:
last_nl = False
if text and text[-1] == '\n':
last_nl = True
text = text[:-1]
text = '###' + text + '###'
if False:
extra_indent = ''
while self.column < 15:
text = ' ' + text
extra_indent += ' '
self.column += 1
text = text.replace('\n', '\n' + extra_indent)
if last_nl:
text += '\n'
self._org_write_literal(text)
def rewrite_write_single_quoted(self, text, split=True):
if self.state == self.expect_block_mapping_simple_value:
last_nl = False
if text and text[-1] == u'\n':
last_nl = True
text = text[:-1]
text = u'###' + text + u'###'
if last_nl:
text += u'\n'
self.write_folded(text)
def rewrite_write_indicator(self, indicator, need_whitespace,
whitespace=False, indention=False):
if indicator and indicator[0] in u"*&":
indicator = u'###' + indicator + u'###'
while self.column < 20:
indicator = ' ' + indicator
self.column += 1
self._org_write_indicator(indicator, need_whitespace, whitespace,
indention)
dumper._org_write_plain = dumper.write_plain
dumper.write_plain = rewrite_write_plain
dumper._org_write_literal = dumper.write_literal
dumper.write_literal = rewrite_write_literal
dumper._org_write_single_quoted = dumper.write_single_quoted
dumper.write_single_quoted = rewrite_write_single_quoted
dumper._org_write_indicator = dumper.write_indicator
dumper.write_indicator = rewrite_write_indicator
print yaml.dump(data, Dumper=dumper, indent=4)
给你:
receipt: ###Oz-Ware Purchase Invoice###
date: ###2007-08-06###
customer:
given: ###Dorothy###
items:
- part_no: ###A4786###
descrip: ###Water Bucket (Filled)###
- part_no: ###E1628###
descrip: ###High Heeled "Ruby" Slippers###
size: ###8###
bill-to: ###&id001###
street: |
###123 Tornado Alley
Suite 16###
city: ###East Centerville###
state: ###KS###
ship-to: ###*id001###
specialDelivery: >
###Follow the Yellow Brick Road to the Emerald City.###
希望在C#
中进一步处理是可以接受的