我正在尝试解决基于Rock Paper Scissors的编程挑战。我的目标是给出一系列游戏动作，确定游戏获胜的举动。我的问题是检查游戏是否赢了。我有一个获胜组合列表，例如游戏网格是：
1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6,
6, 7, 8,
然后获胜组合将是例如：4, 5, 6，因为它是连续3个。
我的问题是我不知道如何有效地检查所有这些获胜组合。我试图制作一个获胜组合列表，然后运行游戏板来检查获胜者，这将是太棒了，只是它不起作用，我不知道如何合理地接近它。
这是我的代码：
def is_winner(grid):
player1_wins = ['X','X','X']
player2_wins = ['O','O','O']
player_win = [player1_wins, player2_wins]
win1 = [0,3,6] #[1,4,7]
win2 = [1,4,7] #[2,5,8]
win3 = [2,5,8] #[3,6,9]
win4 = [0,4,8] #[1,5,9]
win5 = [6,7,8] #[7,8,9]
win6 = [3,4,5] #[4,5,6]
win7 = [0,1,2] #[1,2,3]
win8 = [6,7,8] #[7,8,9]
winning_grids = [win1, win2, win3, win4, win5, win6, win7, win8]
if any(grid[winning_grids]) == any(player_win): # !!!! Broken code here !!!!
return True # Game won
else:
return False
def tic_tac_toe(games):
for game in range(games):
grid = ['1','2','3',
'4','5','6',
'7','8','9']
moves = [int(x) for x in raw_input().split()]
turn = 1
for move in moves:
if turn % 2 != 0:
grid[move-1] = 'X'
elif turn % 2 == 0:
grid[move-1] = 'O'
if is_winner(grid):
print("Game over on turn %d" % turn)
print(grid)
tic_tac_toe(input())
示例输入如下所示：
3
7 5 4 1 9 2 8 3 6
5 1 3 7 6 4 2 9 8
5 1 2 8 6 4 7 3 9
如果是3场比赛，则球员1排在第一位，球员2排在每位球的下一位数。
答案是：第1场比赛 - 第7场比赛 - 第2场比赛 - 第6场比赛，第3场比赛 - 比赛。 （尚未实施）
我可以做些什么来检查获胜的举动/有没有人对如何修复我的代码有任何建议？
答案 0 :(得分：3)
我认为你需要的是使用一个班级。我本可以尝试修复你的代码，但我认为你需要完全重新考虑它。
从逻辑上讲，你可以把它分解成一个游戏对象，跟踪单个游戏的动作。您可以简单地移动，然后在每次移动后检查以确定游戏是否已赢得。
我不确定你是否熟悉课程，但我认为一个tic tac toe游戏更好地实现为一个对象。您还可以在许多其他场景中重用游戏类。不只是为了确定每场比赛的胜利。在复杂的程序中，您甚至可以将游戏对象传递给其他对象，以便它们可以以自己的方式与其进行交互。这超出了这个答案的范围，但希望你明白我的观点。
尝试下面的代码，我故意对它进行了大量评论，并使其（希望）易于理解。它很长，但它打破了每项任务，因此很容易理解正在发生的事情。 （至少对我而言）
您可以使用此代码中的概念来修复您的实现。要么使用我的代码中的一些部分来修复你的代码，要么只是使用我的版本。
使用此代码，游戏对象会跟踪它的转向，每个玩家所做的移动，游戏是否已赢，游戏是否结束，获胜玩家是谁，以及移动次数。
另外，我故意编写代码，以便它可以在Python 2.7和3.4上运行。通常，我尝试只为Python 3x编写，但这是我的偏好。
class TicTacToeGame:
"""
A class that implements a tic tac toe game
"""
# This is a class variable that contains
# a list of all the winning combos
winningCombos = [
[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9],
[1, 4, 7],
[2, 5, 8],
[3, 6, 9],
[1, 5, 9],
[3, 5, 7]
]
def __init__(self):
"""
Init method. This gets called when you create a new game object
We simply use this method to initialize all our instance variables
"""
# The current player. Either X or O
self.currentPlayer = 'X'
# List of player x moves
self.playerXMoves = []
# List of player o moves
self.playerOMoves = []
# Whether or not the game has been won
self.isWon = False
# Whether or not the game is over
self.isOver = False
# The winning player
self.winningPlayer = None
# The number of moves played
self.numberOfMovesPlayed = 0
def doMakeAMoveAtPos(self, pos):
"""
Makes a move in the game at the specified position
1 is the first position, 5 is the center position, etc
@param pos: The position (1 through 9)
@type pos: int
@rtype: None
"""
# If the game has already been won
if self.isWon:
raise ValueError('The game has been won')
# If the game is over, nobody won
if self.isOver:
raise ValueError('The game is a tie')
# Make sure that the position is within range
if pos < 1 or pos > 9:
raise ValueError('Invalid position. Should be between 1 and 9')
# Make sure the position isn't already taken
if pos in self.playerXMoves or pos in self.playerOMoves:
raise ValueError('The position: ' + str(pos) + ' is already taken')
# Get the current player
currentPlayer = self.currentPlayer
# If the current player is X
if currentPlayer == 'X':
# Add the move and switch to player O
currentPlayerMoves = self.playerXMoves
currentPlayerMoves.append(pos)
self.currentPlayer = 'O'
# Otherwise, the current player is O
else:
# Add the move and switch to player X
currentPlayerMoves = self.playerOMoves
currentPlayerMoves.append(pos)
self.currentPlayer = 'X'
# Increment the number of plays.. You could just check the length of
# playerXMoves and playerOMoves to get the total number of moves, but
# we are going to keep track to avoid more code later
self.numberOfMovesPlayed += 1
# If the number of plays is 9, the game is over
if self.numberOfMovesPlayed == 9:
self.isOver = True
# See if the game has been won
# If there hasn't been enough moves to win yet, no winner
if len(currentPlayerMoves) < 3:
return
# Iterate through each winning combo
for winningCombo in self.winningCombos:
# If each number is in the player's moves, the game has been won
if set(winningCombo) <= set(currentPlayerMoves):
self.isWon = True
self.winningPlayer = currentPlayer
return
# OK... Our Class has been defined.
# Now it's time to play tic tac toe.
# Define an input string. How you get this is up to you
# Change this to different numbers to see what you get.
inputString = '3 7 5 4 1 9 2 8 3 6 5 1 3 7 6 4 2 9 8 5 1 2 8 6 4 7 3 9'
# Parse the input string into a list of integers
moves = [int(move) for move in inputString.split()]
# Create the initial game
game = TicTacToeGame()
# Set the number of games to 1 (This is the first game after all)
numberOfGames = 1
# Go through all the moves 1 by 1
for pos in moves:
# Try to make a move in the current game
try:
game.doMakeAMoveAtPos(pos)
# But, since the input is unpredictable, we need to catch errors
# What's to stop the input from being '1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1', etc
# You can't keep playing position number 1 over and over
except ValueError as exc:
# Do what you want with the exception.
# For this example, I'm just gonna print it
# and move on the the next move
print(exc)
continue
# If the game has been won
if game.isWon:
print('Game ' + str(numberOfGames) + ' Won On Move: ' + str(game.numberOfMovesPlayed) + ' Winning Player: ' + str(game.winningPlayer))
# Since the game was won, create a new game
game = TicTacToeGame()
# And increment the game number
numberOfGames += 1
# If the game is a tie
elif game.isOver:
print('Game ' + str(numberOfGames) + ' Tie')
# Since the game was a tie, create a new game
game = TicTacToeGame()
# And increment the game number
numberOfGames += 1
# If there is an unfinished game, we can report this as well
if game.numberOfMovesPlayed > 0:
print('Game ' + str(numberOfGames) + ' was not finished')
可以做很多改进，但是你明白了（我希望）当我运行这段代码时，我得到以下输出：
Game 1 Won On Move: 7 Winning Player: X
The position: 3 is already taken
Game 2 Won On Move: 6 Winning Player: O
The position: 2 is already taken
The position: 8 is already taken
The position: 6 is already taken
The position: 4 is already taken
Game 3 Won On Move: 9 Winning Player: X
Game 4 was not finished
答案 1 :(得分：2)
@RayPerea做出了很好的回答。但是如果您不能按照您的要求使用课程或者根本不想使用课程，我会采用不同的方法。
这篇文章背后的想法是展示python的功能方面。 “功能”编程的一个主要概念是您无法访问函数的外部范围。我通过将player_one和player_two添加到全局命名空间来欺骗。但它很容易转化为100％功能代码。这是一个good tutorial。
这个代码可以在python 2和3上运行。
唯一要做的就是将保存的输入更改为实际输入。
player_one = 'X'
player_two = 'O'
# You can add "HAZ THE MOVEZ" joke here:
def has_the_moves(player, moves):
if len(moves) <= 2:
return None
win1 = (0,3,6) #[1,4,7]
win2 = (1,4,7) #[2,5,8]
win3 = (2,5,8) #[3,6,9]
win4 = (0,4,8) #[1,5,9]
win5 = (6,7,8) #[7,8,9]
win6 = (3,4,5) #[4,5,6]
win7 = (0,1,2) #[1,2,3]
win8 = (6,7,8) #[7,8,9]
winning_grids = [win1, win2, win3, win4, win5, win6, win7, win8]
# We will return a player name (not bool) if he is a winner.
# This name will be used later.
tried = [set(posibility) <= set(moves) for posibility in winning_grids]
return player if any(tried) else None
def is_winner(grid):
player_one_moves = [i for i, x in enumerate(grid) if x == player_one]
player_two_moves = [i for i, x in enumerate(grid) if x == player_two]
player_one_won = has_the_moves(player_one, player_one_moves)
player_two_won = has_the_moves(player_two, player_two_moves)
# If we a have a winner:
if player_one_won or player_two_won:
return player_one_won if player_one_won else player_two_won
return None
def end_game(winner=None, last_turn=False):
""" This function can be used when you find a winner,
or when the end of the game is reached.
"""
if last_turn:
print('Game ended in a draw.')
if winner:
print('Player {} won.'.format(winner))
def tic_tac_toe(games):
# For testing purposes let's save user's input:
saved_moves = ['7 5 4 1 9 2 8 3 6', '5 1 3 7 6 4 2 9 8', '5 1 2 8 6 4 7 3 9']
for game in range(games):
grid = [str(x) for x in range(1, 10)] # one-liner
moves = [int(x) for x in saved_moves[game].split()] # TODO: make sure to change saved_moves[game]
for turn, move in enumerate(moves):
grid[move - 1] = player_one if turn % 2 == 0 else player_two
# Stop the game?
winner = is_winner(grid)
if winner:
print('Game over on turn {}.'.format(turn + 1))
end_game(winner=winner)
break; # no more iterations required.
if turn == len(moves) - 1:
end_game(last_turn=True)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# We running 3 games:
saved_games_number = 3
tic_tac_toe(saved_games_number)
结果是：
Game over on turn 7.
Player X won.
Game over on turn 6.
Player O won.
Game ended in a draw.