我用c＃编写了一个简单的自顶向下解析器。这是一个控制台应用程序。我希望解析器在计算结束时可以保存解析树的图像文件。我想我可以使用graphviz，但我想知道你的意见。 感谢。
答案 0 :(得分：4)
你可以使用SVG作为DOT / Graphviz的替代品;两者都可能同样好。
在任何一种情况下，遍历解析树并生成将控制图形绘制的输出应该非常容易。如果明确构造树，则应该易于实现递归遍历。如果未构造树，则需要在解析时动态生成图节点。
对于构造显式AST的DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit，我们做了一些更简单的事情：走树，然后在一行上打印出根noot，将其子项打印在理想的单独文本行上。我们以LISP样式格式（由于历史原因）和XML样式格式（非常需要）进行此操作。如果你可以做一个递归的树步行，那么编写代码的工作可能大约需要一个小时。
它不是一个漂亮的图形绘图，但它不会受到绘制巨大图形的问题...只是从获得巨大的文本输出，但那些你可以导航更少或 perl 。
即使是一个小型AST也可能拥有大量节点，从而淹没了绘制/理解图形的能力。我的经验是AST每个源代码行大约有5-8个节点。
对于以下22行PLSQL代码：
-- available online in file 'sample3'
DECLARE
x NUMBER := 0;
counter NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..4 LOOP
x := x + 1000;
counter := counter + 1;
INSERT INTO temp VALUES (x, counter, 'outer loop');
/* start an inner block */
DECLARE
x NUMBER := 0; -- this is a local version of x
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..4 LOOP
x := x + 1; -- this increments the local x
counter := counter + 1;
INSERT INTO temp VALUES (x, counter, 'inner loop');
END LOOP;
END;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END;
这是一个示例输出，180个树节点（记下每个节点的源位置信息）：
C:\DMS\Domains\PLSQL\Tools\Parser\Source>run ../domainparser ++XML C:\DMS\Domains\PLSQL\Examples\sample.sql
Domain Parser for PLSQL 2.3.2 Copyright (C) Semantic Designs 1996-2009; All Rights Reserved
180 tree nodes in tree.
2 ambiguity nodes in tree.
<DMSForest>
<tree node="root" type="1" domain="1" id="1ky2c" parents="0" line="3" column="1" file="1">
<tree node="plsql_block" type="458" domain="1" id="1ky1x" line="3" column="1" file="1">
<precomment child=" 1" index="1">-- available online in file 'sample3'</precomment>
<tree node="block_body" type="463" domain="1" id="1ky28" line="4" column="4" file="1">
<tree node="optional_type_or_item_declaration_list" type="465" domain="1" id="1kxp9" line="4" column="4" file="1">
<tree node="optional_type_or_item_declaration_list" type="465" domain="1" id="1kxox" line="4" column="4" file="1">
<tree node="optional_type_or_item_declaration_list" type="464" domain="1" id="1kxnz" line="4" column="4" file="1"/>
<tree node="item_declaration" type="139" domain="1" id="1kxoy" line="4" column="4" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxny" line="4" column="4" file="1">
<literal>x</literal>
</tree>
<tree node="datatype" type="47" domain="1" id="1kxo3" line="4" column="6" file="1"/>
<tree node="not_null_option" type="126" domain="1" id="1kxo4" line="4" column="13" file="1"/>
<tree node="initial_value" type="146" domain="1" id="1kxoq" line="4" column="13" file="1">
<tree node="logical_disjunction" type="330" domain="1" id="1kxon" line="4" column="16" file="1">
<tree node="logical_conjunction" type="332" domain="1" id="1kxol" line="4" column="16" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="356" domain="1" id="1kxog" line="4" column="16" file="1">
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxoe" line="4" column="16" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxo9" line="4" column="16" file="1">
<tree node="NATURAL" type="1422" domain="1" id="1kxo6" literal="0" line="4" column="16" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="item_declaration" type="139" domain="1" id="1kxpa" line="5" column="4" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxow" line="5" column="4" file="1">
<literal>counter</literal>
</tree>
<tree node="datatype" type="47" domain="1" id="1kxp0" line="5" column="12" file="1"/>
<tree node="not_null_option" type="126" domain="1" id="1kxp1" line="5" column="19" file="1"/>
<tree node="initial_value" type="146" domain="1" id="1kxp8" line="5" column="19" file="1">
<tree node="logical_disjunction" type="330" domain="1" id="1kxp7" line="5" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="logical_conjunction" type="332" domain="1" id="1kxp6" line="5" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="356" domain="1" id="1kxp5" line="5" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxp4" line="5" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxp3" line="5" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="NATURAL" type="1422" domain="1" id="1kxp2" literal="0" line="5" column="22" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="optional_function_or_procedure_declaration_list" type="466" domain="1" id="1kxpc" line="6" column="1" file="1"/>
<tree node="statement_list" type="473" domain="1" id="1kxrp" children="2" line="7" column="4" file="1">
<tree node="for_loop_statement" type="680" domain="1" id="1ky26" line="7" column="4" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxpd" line="7" column="8" file="1">
<literal>i</literal>
</tree>
<tree node="logical_disjunction" type="330" domain="1" id="1kxpj" line="7" column="13" file="1">
<tree node="logical_conjunction" type="332" domain="1" id="1kxpi" line="7" column="13" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="356" domain="1" id="1kxph" line="7" column="13" file="1">
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxpg" line="7" column="13" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxpf" line="7" column="13" file="1">
<tree node="NATURAL" type="1422" domain="1" id="1kxpe" literal="1" line="7" column="13" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="logical_disjunction" type="330" domain="1" id="1kxpp" line="7" column="16" file="1">
<tree node="logical_conjunction" type="332" domain="1" id="1kxpo" line="7" column="16" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="356" domain="1" id="1kxpn" line="7" column="16" file="1">
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxpm" line="7" column="16" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxpl" line="7" column="16" file="1">
<tree node="NATURAL" type="1422" domain="1" id="1kxpk" literal="4" line="7" column="16" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="statement_list" type="473" domain="1" id="1kxqh" children="4" line="8" column="7" file="1">
<tree node="assignment_statement" type="511" domain="1" id="1kxq1" line="8" column="7" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxpq" line="8" column="7" file="1">
<literal>x</literal>
</tree>
<tree node="logical_disjunction" type="330" domain="1" id="1kxpw" line="8" column="12" file="1">
<tree node="logical_conjunction" type="332" domain="1" id="1kxpu" line="8" column="12" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="357" domain="1" id="1kxpt" line="8" column="12" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="356" domain="1" id="1kxov" line="8" column="12" file="1">
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxoc" line="8" column="12" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxo8" line="8" column="12" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxo0" line="8" column="12" file="1">
<literal>x</literal>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxps" line="8" column="16" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxpr" line="8" column="16" file="1">
<tree node="NATURAL" type="1422" domain="1" id="1kxou" literal="1000" line="8" column="16" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="assignment_statement" type="511" domain="1" id="1kxqg" line="9" column="7" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxq0" line="9" column="7" file="1">
<literal>counter</literal>
</tree>
<tree node="logical_disjunction" type="330" domain="1" id="1kxqd" line="9" column="18" file="1">
<tree node="logical_conjunction" type="332" domain="1" id="1kxqb" line="9" column="18" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="357" domain="1" id="1kxqa" line="9" column="18" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="356" domain="1" id="1kxq2" line="9" column="18" file="1">
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxo7" line="9" column="18" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxos" line="9" column="18" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxor" line="9" column="18" file="1">
<literal>counter</literal>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxq7" line="9" column="28" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxq4" line="9" column="28" file="1">
<tree node="NATURAL" type="1422" domain="1" id="1kxq3" literal="1" line="9" column="28" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="unlabelled_statement" type="500" domain="1" id="1kxrj" line="10" column="7" file="1">
<tree node="subordinate_insert_statement" type="652" domain="1" id="1kxri" line="10" column="7" file="1">
<tree node="table_reference" type="920" domain="1" id="1kxqr" line="10" column="19" file="1">
<tree node="$NONTERMINALAMBIGUITY" type="1778" nonterminalname="query_table_expression" nonterminaltype="611" domain="1" id="1kxqf" children="2" line="10" column="19" file="1">
<tree node="query_table_expression" type="946" domain="1" id="1kxqn" line="10" column="19" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxqk" parents="2" line="10" column="19" file="1">
<literal>temp</literal>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="query_table_expression" type="953" domain="1" id="1kxqq" line="10" column="19" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxqk" parents="2" alreadyprinted="true"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="sql_expression_list" type="657" domain="1" id="1kxrg" line="10" column="32" file="1">
<tree node="sql_expression_list" type="657" domain="1" id="1kxr9" line="10" column="32" file="1">
<tree node="disjunction_condition" type="1188" domain="1" id="1kxqy" line="10" column="32" file="1">
<tree node="conjunction_condition" type="1190" domain="1" id="1kxqx" line="10" column="32" file="1">
<tree node="additive_expression" type="1243" domain="1" id="1kxqw" line="10" column="32" file="1">
<tree node="multiplicative_expression" type="1246" domain="1" id="1kxqv" line="10" column="32" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxqu" line="10" column="32" file="1">
<literal>x</literal>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="disjunction_condition" type="1188" domain="1" id="1kxr8" line="10" column="35" file="1">
<tree node="conjunction_condition" type="1190" domain="1" id="1kxr7" line="10" column="35" file="1">
<tree node="additive_expression" type="1243" domain="1" id="1kxr6" line="10" column="35" file="1">
<tree node="multiplicative_expression" type="1246" domain="1" id="1kxr5" line="10" column="35" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxr4" line="10" column="35" file="1">
<literal>counter</literal>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="disjunction_condition" type="1188" domain="1" id="1kxrf" line="10" column="44" file="1">
<tree node="conjunction_condition" type="1190" domain="1" id="1kxre" line="10" column="44" file="1">
<tree node="additive_expression" type="1243" domain="1" id="1kxrd" line="10" column="44" file="1">
<tree node="multiplicative_expression" type="1246" domain="1" id="1kxrc" line="10" column="44" file="1">
<tree node="STRING" type="1556" domain="1" id="1kxrb" line="10" column="44" file="1">
<literal>outer loop</literal>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="optional_returning_clause" type="587" domain="1" id="1kxrh" line="10" column="57" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="plsql_block" type="458" domain="1" id="1ky1u" line="12" column="7" file="1">
<precomment child=" 1" index="1">/* start an inner block */</precomment>
<tree node="block_body" type="463" domain="1" id="1ky24" line="13" column="10" file="1">
<tree node="optional_type_or_item_declaration_list" type="465" domain="1" id="1kxz9" line="13" column="10" file="1">
<tree node="optional_type_or_item_declaration_list" type="464" domain="1" id="1kxrq" line="13" column="10" file="1"/>
<tree node="item_declaration" type="139" domain="1" id="1kxza" line="13" column="10" file="1">
<postcomment child="5" index="1">-- this is a local version of x</postcomment>
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxrn" line="13" column="10" file="1">
<literal>x</literal>
</tree>
<tree node="datatype" type="47" domain="1" id="1kxrr" line="13" column="12" file="1"/>
<tree node="not_null_option" type="126" domain="1" id="1kxrs" line="13" column="19" file="1"/>
<tree node="initial_value" type="146" domain="1" id="1kxz5" line="13" column="19" file="1">
<tree node="logical_disjunction" type="330" domain="1" id="1kxz4" line="13" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="logical_conjunction" type="332" domain="1" id="1kxrz" line="13" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="356" domain="1" id="1kxry" line="13" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxrx" line="13" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxrw" line="13" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="NATURAL" type="1422" domain="1" id="1kxrt" literal="0" line="13" column="22" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="optional_function_or_procedure_declaration_list" type="466" domain="1" id="1kxze" line="14" column="7" file="1"/>
<tree node="for_loop_statement" type="680" domain="1" id="1ky1y" line="15" column="10" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxzf" line="15" column="14" file="1">
<literal>i</literal>
</tree>
<tree node="logical_disjunction" type="330" domain="1" id="1kxzq" line="15" column="19" file="1">
<tree node="logical_conjunction" type="332" domain="1" id="1kxzn" line="15" column="19" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="356" domain="1" id="1kxzk" line="15" column="19" file="1">
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxzj" line="15" column="19" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxzi" line="15" column="19" file="1">
<tree node="NATURAL" type="1422" domain="1" id="1kxrv" literal="1" line="15" column="19" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="logical_disjunction" type="330" domain="1" id="1kxzy" line="15" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="logical_conjunction" type="332" domain="1" id="1kxzx" line="15" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="356" domain="1" id="1kxzw" line="15" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxzv" line="15" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxzu" line="15" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="NATURAL" type="1422" domain="1" id="1kxzt" literal="4" line="15" column="22" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="statement_list" type="473" domain="1" id="1ky0t" children="3" line="16" column="13" file="1">
<tree node="assignment_statement" type="511" domain="1" id="1ky0g" line="16" column="13" file="1">
<postcomment child="4" index="1">-- this increments the local x</postcomment>
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxzz" line="16" column="13" file="1">
<literal>x</literal>
</tree>
<tree node="logical_disjunction" type="330" domain="1" id="1ky0c" line="16" column="18" file="1">
<tree node="logical_conjunction" type="332" domain="1" id="1ky07" line="16" column="18" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="357" domain="1" id="1ky06" line="16" column="18" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="356" domain="1" id="1ky00" line="16" column="18" file="1">
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxz6" line="16" column="18" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxr3" line="16" column="18" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxop" line="16" column="18" file="1">
<literal>x</literal>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1ky05" line="16" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1ky04" line="16" column="22" file="1">
<tree node="NATURAL" type="1422" domain="1" id="1ky01" literal="1" line="16" column="22" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="assignment_statement" type="511" domain="1" id="1ky0s" line="17" column="13" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1ky0f" line="17" column="13" file="1">
<literal>counter</literal>
</tree>
<tree node="logical_disjunction" type="330" domain="1" id="1ky0o" line="17" column="24" file="1">
<tree node="logical_conjunction" type="332" domain="1" id="1ky0m" line="17" column="24" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="357" domain="1" id="1ky03" line="17" column="24" file="1">
<tree node="sum" type="356" domain="1" id="1ky0h" line="17" column="24" file="1">
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1kxz7" line="17" column="24" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1kxr0" line="17" column="24" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1kxpx" line="17" column="24" file="1">
<literal>counter</literal>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="product" type="360" domain="1" id="1ky02" line="17" column="34" file="1">
<tree node="power" type="367" domain="1" id="1ky0l" line="17" column="34" file="1">
<tree node="NATURAL" type="1422" domain="1" id="1ky0k" literal="1" line="17" column="34" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="unlabelled_statement" type="500" domain="1" id="1ky1t" line="18" column="13" file="1">
<tree node="subordinate_insert_statement" type="652" domain="1" id="1ky1s" line="18" column="13" file="1">
<tree node="table_reference" type="920" domain="1" id="1ky11" line="18" column="25" file="1">
<tree node="$NONTERMINALAMBIGUITY" type="1778" nonterminalname="query_table_expression" nonterminaltype="611" domain="1" id="1ky0q" children="2" line="18" column="25" file="1">
<tree node="query_table_expression" type="946" domain="1" id="1ky0x" line="18" column="25" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1ky0w" parents="2" line="18" column="25" file="1">
<literal>temp</literal>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="query_table_expression" type="953" domain="1" id="1ky10" line="18" column="25" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1ky0w" parents="2" alreadyprinted="true"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="sql_expression_list" type="657" domain="1" id="1ky1q" line="18" column="38" file="1">
<tree node="sql_expression_list" type="657" domain="1" id="1ky1j" line="18" column="38" file="1">
<tree node="disjunction_condition" type="1188" domain="1" id="1ky19" line="18" column="38" file="1">
<tree node="conjunction_condition" type="1190" domain="1" id="1ky18" line="18" column="38" file="1">
<tree node="additive_expression" type="1243" domain="1" id="1ky17" line="18" column="38" file="1">
<tree node="multiplicative_expression" type="1246" domain="1" id="1ky16" line="18" column="38" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1ky14" line="18" column="38" file="1">
<literal>x</literal>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="disjunction_condition" type="1188" domain="1" id="1ky1i" line="18" column="41" file="1">
<tree node="conjunction_condition" type="1190" domain="1" id="1ky1h" line="18" column="41" file="1">
<tree node="additive_expression" type="1243" domain="1" id="1ky1g" line="18" column="41" file="1">
<tree node="multiplicative_expression" type="1246" domain="1" id="1ky1f" line="18" column="41" file="1">
<tree node="IDENTIFIER" type="1691" domain="1" id="1ky1c" line="18" column="41" file="1">
<literal>counter</literal>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="disjunction_condition" type="1188" domain="1" id="1ky1p" line="18" column="50" file="1">
<tree node="conjunction_condition" type="1190" domain="1" id="1ky1o" line="18" column="50" file="1">
<tree node="additive_expression" type="1243" domain="1" id="1ky1n" line="18" column="50" file="1">
<tree node="multiplicative_expression" type="1246" domain="1" id="1ky1m" line="18" column="50" file="1">
<tree node="STRING" type="1556" domain="1" id="1ky1l" line="18" column="50" file="1">
<literal>inner loop</literal>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="optional_returning_clause" type="587" domain="1" id="1ky1r" line="18" column="63" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="end_loop" type="672" domain="1" id="1ky1v" line="19" column="10" file="1"/>
</tree>
<tree node="optional_exception_handlers" type="474" domain="1" id="1ky20" line="20" column="7" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="end_loop" type="672" domain="1" id="1kxrm" line="21" column="4" file="1"/>
</tree>
<tree node="unlabelled_statement" type="500" domain="1" id="1kxro" line="22" column="4" file="1">
<tree node="subordinate_commit_statement" type="535" domain="1" id="1ky21" line="22" column="4" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
<tree node="optional_exception_handlers" type="474" domain="1" id="1ky1w" line="23" column="1" file="1"/>
</tree>
</tree>
</tree>
<FileIndex>
<File index="1">C:/DMS/Domains/PLSQL/Examples/sample.sql</File>
</FileIndex>
<DomainIndex>
<Domain index="1">PLSQL</Domain>
</DomainIndex>
</DMSForest>
答案 1 :(得分：0)
我想我会生成XML（或以某种方式使树XPath可导航）并使用XSLT转换生成您喜欢的任何（基于文本的）格式，尤其是SVG。