在csv dictwriter

时间:2015-05-18 21:19:15

标签: python csv unicode encoding utf-8

我正在尝试将一些数据打印到csv文件,但是unicode正在扼杀我的氛围。

我的数据是字典格式 - 这里有一个片段:

 {'category': u'Best food blog written by a linguist\xa0', 'runners_up': [], 'winner': [u'shesimmers.com'], 'category_url': 'http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/best-food-blog-written-by-a-linguist/BestOf?oid=4101663'}

这是我使用DictWriter方法的代码片段。

    data = utf_8_encoder(data)
    with open('best_food_n_drink.csv', 'w') as csvfile:
        categories = ['category', 'category_url', 'winner', 'runners_up']
        writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, delimiter =',', fieldnames=categories)
        writer.writeheader()
        for row in data:
            writer.writerow(row)

utf_8_encoder来自我之前定义的函数:

  def utf_8_encoder(unicode_csv_data):
    for line in unicode_csv_data:
        line.encode('utf-8')
    return unicode_csv_data

我不断收到'dict' object has no attribute 'encode'等错误消息。我已经尝试过放弃编码器函数的行,并在底部的for循环中替换row.values().encode('utf-8'),但这只是告诉我`list对象没有属性'encode'。

我已经尝试用('utf-8')代替('ascii', 'ignore'),但却无法理解。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

不确定您期望输出的格式,但这将对您的字符串进行编码:

def map_to(d):
    # iterate over the key/values pairings
    for k, v in d.items():
        # if v is a list join and encode else just encode as it is a string
        d[k] = ",".join(v).encode("utf-8") if isinstance(v, list) else v.encode("utf-8")



map_to(data)

with open('best_food_n_drink.csv', 'w') as csvfile:
    categories = ['category', 'category_url', 'winner', 'runners_up']
    writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=categories)
    writer.writeheader()
    writer.writerow(data)

这将输出类似下面的内容,但是你的字符串和列表的混合我真的不知道最终应该是什么:

category,category_url,winner,runners_up
Best food blog written by a linguist ,http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/best-food-blog-written-by-a-linguist/BestOf?oid=4101663,shesimmers.com,

现在我们发现你实际上有一个列表,如果我们需要迭代列表但是逻辑仍然是相同的,我们只是在循环中的每个字典上运行函数:

data = [{'category': u"Best restaurant that's been around forever and is still worth the trip\xa0", 'runners_up': [u'Frontera Grill', u'Chicago Diner ', u'Sabatino\u2019s', u'Twin Anchors'], 'winner': [u'Lula Cafe'], 'category_url': 'http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/BestOf?category=1979894&year=2011'},
{'category': u'Best bang for your buck\xa0', 'runners_up': [u'Frasca Pizzeria & Wine Bar', u'Chutney Joe\u2019s', u'"My boyfriend!"'], 'winner': [u'Big Star', u'Sultan\u2019s Market']}]

def map_to(d):
    for k, v in d.items():
        d[k] = ",".join(v).encode("utf-8") if isinstance(v, list) else v.encode("utf-8")

with open('best_food_n_drink.csv', 'w') as csvfile:
    categories = ['category', 'category_url', 'winner', 'runners_up']
    writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=categories)
    writer.writeheader()
    # get each dict from the list
    for d in data:
        # run the encode func
        map_to(d)
        writer.writerow(d)

我认为'category_url'实际上存在于第二个词典中。

要捕获None并避免编码错误,请在func中添加一行:

def map_to(d):
    for k, v in d.items():
        # catch None's
        if v is not None:
            d[k] = " ".join(v).encode("utf-8") if isinstance(v, list) else v.encode("utf-8")

根据您对使用json存储数据的数据的计划可能有用:

import  json
with open('best_food_n_drink.js', 'w') as js:
    json.dump(data,js)

然后获取数据列表:

import  json
with open('best_food_n_drink.json') as js:
    data = json.load(js)

答案 1 :(得分:1)

使用python 3.4:

io.open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf8') 

而不是

open(filename, 'w') 

为我解决了同样的问题。

答案 2 :(得分:1)

另一个解决方案是创建全面的方法来检查除unicodelist之外的其他类型,我知道原始问题不是,但任何人都可以到这里试图转换复杂dict(内部序列,列表......),所以这是我的贡献:

def array_to_utf(a):
    autf = []
    i = 0
    for v in a:
        if isinstance(v, unicode):
            autf.append(v.encode('utf-8'))
        elif isinstance(v, dict):
            autf.append(dict_to_utf(v))
        elif isinstance(v, list):
            autf.append(array_to_utf(v))
        else:
            autf.append(v)
    return autf

def dict_to_utf(d):
    dutf = {}
    for k,v in d.iteritems():
        if isinstance(v, unicode):
            dutf[k] = v.encode('utf-8')
        elif isinstance(v, list):
            dutf[k] = array_to_utf(v)
        elif isinstance(v, dict):
            dutf[k] = dict_to_utf(v)
        else:
            dutf[k] = v
    return dutf

test = {1: u'1', 2: '2', 3: {'x': u'x', 'y': 'y'}, 4: [u'ara', 's', 123], 5: 123}

print(dict_to_utf(a))
# {1: '1', 2: '2', 3: {'y': 'y', 'x': 'x'}, 4: ['ara', 's', 123], 5: 123}

这两种方法都是递归的,彼此之间也是递归的。