我正在尝试编写一个解决数独使用回溯的程序。 我现在正在使用scilab。 我的递归算法一直出错,我一定做错了。欢迎任何帮助。
我把错误代码放在底部。
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////// Check Sudoku ///////////////////////////////
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
function r=OneToNine(V) // function checks if the given vector V contains 1 to 9
r = %T // this works
u = %F
index = 1
while r == %T & index < 10
for i=1 : length(V)
if V(i)==index then
u = %T
end
end
index=index+1
if u == %F then r = %F
else u = %F
end
end
if length(V) > 9 then r = %F
end
endfunction
function y=check(M) // Checks if the given matrix M is a solved sudoku
y = %T // this works too
if size(M,1)<>9 | size(M,2)<>9 then // if it has more or less than 9 rows and columns
y = %F // we return false
end
for i=1 : size(M,1) // if not all rows have 1-9 we return false
if OneToNine(M(i,:)) == %F then
y = %F
end
end
endfunction
function P=PossibilitiesPosition(board, x, y)
// this one works
// we fill the vector possibilites with 9 zeros
// 0 means empty, 1 means it already has a value, so we don't need to change it
possibilities = [] // a vector that stores the possible values for position(x,y)
for t=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
possibilities(t)=0
end
// Check row f the value (x,y) for possibilities
// we fill the possibilities further by puttin '1' where the value is not possible
for i=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
if board(x,i) > 0 then
possibilities(board(x,i))=1
end
end
// Check column of the value (x,y) for possibilities
// we fill the possibilities further by puttin '1' where the value is not possible
for j=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
if board(j, y) > 0 then
possibilities(board(j, y))=1
end
end
// Check the 3x3 matrix of the value (x,y) for possibilities
// first we see which 3x3 matrix we need
k=0
m=0
if x >= 1 & x <=3 then
k=1
else if x >= 4 & x <= 6 then
k = 4
else k = 7
end
end
if y >= 1 & y <=3 then
m=1
else if y >= 4 & y <= 6 then
m = 4
else m = 7
end
end
// then we fill the possibilities further by puttin '1' where the value is not possible
for i=k : k+2
for j=m : m+2
if board(i,j) > 0 then
possibilities(board(i,j))=1
end
end
end
P = possibilities
// we want to see the real values of the possibilities. not just 1 and 0
for i=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
if P(i)==0 then
P(i) = i
else P(i) = 0
end
end
endfunction
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////// Solve Sudoku ///////////////////////////////
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
function S=solve(board) // the real solving function, here must be a problem somewhere
x=1
y=1
possibilities = [] // an empty vector to put in the possible value later on
if check(board) == %T then // if it's a fully solved sudoku the function gives the solution
S = board
else
for i=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
for j=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
if board(i,j)==0 then // if the value board(i,j) is empty so 0
x=i // we put the coordinates in x and y
y=j // break means stop the loop
break
end
end
end
possibilities = PossibilitiesPosition(board,x,y) //we check the possibilities
for p=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
if possibilities(p) > 0 then // if this is a possibility
board(x,y) = possibilities(p) // we put in that value
solve(board) // and we repeat until check(board) gives true
end
end
board(x,y)=0 // if we went trough al the possibilities
end // and there is still no solution we have to put that value back to 0
// this is called backtracking
endfunction
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
错误代码:
// Very Easy sudoku from brainbashers.com
M = [0 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 0
7 0 4 0 0 0 8 0 2
0 5 8 4 0 7 1 3 0
0 0 1 2 8 4 9 0 0
0 0 0 7 0 5 0 0 0
0 0 7 9 3 6 5 0 0
0 8 9 5 0 2 4 6 0
4 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 9
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0]
solve(M)
! - 错误4
未定义的变量:S
在函数求解的第31行调用:
在函数求解的第24行调用:
在函数求解的第24行调用:
在函数求解的第24行调用:
在函数求解的第24行调用:
在函数求解的第24行调用:
在函数求解的第24行调用:
在函数求解的第24行调用:
在函数求解的第24行调用:
在函数求解的第24行调用:
在函数求解的第24行调用:
在函数求解的第24行调用:
在函数求解的第24行调用:
解决(M)
在exec文件的第184行调用:
B-8525585618758424927.sce',1
执行回调时
答案 0 :(得分:1)
主要问题是这一行:
solve(board)
应该是
S = solve(board)
递归函数必须提供两件事:一种将修改后的任务委托给另一个自身实例的方法,和是一种将结果返回给调用它的实例的方法。你没有第二件事。
另一个较小的问题是你搜索x,y:
for i=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
for j=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
if board(i,j)==0 then // if the value board(i,j) is empty so 0
x=i // we put the coordinates in x and y
y=j // break means stop the loop
break
end
end
end
break
命令仅停止调用它的循环。所以,它打破你的循环j,但然后循环i继续。快速修复:
x=0 // instead of 1
y=0 // instead of 1
// other stuff you have there
for i=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
for j=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
if board(i,j)==0 then // if the value board(i,j) is empty so 0
x=i // we put the coordinates in x and y
y=j // break means stop the loop
break
end
end
if x>0 then
break
end
end
另外,你可能最后想要disp(solve(M))
;否则计算的最终结果既不显示也不保存在任何变量中。
通过这些更正,您的代码可以正常工作,输出此解决方案:
1. 2. 6. 8. 9. 3. 7. 4. 5.
7. 3. 4. 6. 5. 1. 8. 9. 2.
9. 5. 8. 4. 2. 7. 1. 3. 6.
5. 6. 1. 2. 8. 4. 9. 7. 3.
8. 9. 3. 7. 1. 5. 6. 2. 4.
2. 4. 7. 9. 3. 6. 5. 1. 8.
3. 8. 9. 5. 7. 2. 4. 6. 1.
4. 7. 2. 1. 6. 8. 3. 5. 9.
6. 1. 5. 3. 4. 9. 2. 8. 7.
需要考虑的事项:
return [i,j]
,停止整个双循环:
for i=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
for j=1 : 9 // sudoku has 9 values
if board(i,j)==0 then // if the value board(i,j) is empty so 0
return [i,j]
end
end
end
// do something if the matrix is full
board(x,y)=0
无效,因为当函数结束时,简单地忘记了局部变量board
的值。如果给出一个无法解决的谜题,你的代码将进入无限递归。