查找数组其余部分中元素的数量,该元素的数量大于每个当前位置的元素

时间:2015-05-15 19:48:40

标签: java arrays algorithm count

假设我有一个一维数组:

  

[2,3,1,5,0,2]

目标是构造另一个长度相同的数组,其中每个元素表示数组中后续元素中元素的数量(不是不同的),该元素大于当前数字。所以我的情况输出是:

  

[2,1,2,0,1,0]

O(n^2)算法非常简单。什么可能是一个更有效的算法(在Java中最好)?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

你可以使用Fenwick tree在O(nlogn)中执行此操作,mypage是一种数据结构,它以一种方式保存直方图,以便在O(logn)时间内完成范围查询。

只需按相反的顺序迭代元素并将它们添加到直方图中。

Python代码:

def fenwick_new(m):
    """Create empty fenwick tree with space for elements in range 0..m"""
    # tree[i] is sum of elements with indexes i&(i+1)..i inclusive
    return [0] * (m+1)

def fenwick_increase(tree,i,delta):
    """Increase value of i-th element in tree by delta"""
    while i < len(tree):
        tree[i] += delta
        i |= i + 1

def fenwick_sum(tree,i):
    """Return sum of elements 0..i inclusive in tree"""
    s = 0
    while i >= 0:
        s += tree[i]
        i &= i + 1
        i -= 1
    return s

def find_bigger(A):
    """Produce an array in which each element denotes the number of subsequent elements that are bigger"""
    top = max(A) + 1
    F = fenwick_new(top)
    B = []
    for n,a in enumerate(A[::-1]):
        count_of_bigger = n - fenwick_sum(F,a) # n is the number of things we have inserted into the tree so far
        B.append(count_of_bigger)
        fenwick_increase(F,a,1)
    return B[::-1]

A=[2,3,1,5,0,2]
print find_bigger(A)

(此算法草图仅在输入由具有合理上限的非负整数组成时才有效。如果输入更复杂,首先使用排序函数计算每个输入元素的等级。)