矩阵“Zigzag”重新排序

时间:2010-06-11 17:41:42

标签: matlab loops matrix

我在MATLAB中有一个NxM矩阵,我想以类似于JPEG重新排序其子块像素的方式重新排序:

zigzag layout pattern (image from Wikipedia)

我希望算法是通用的,这样我就可以传入任何维度的2D矩阵。我是一名C ++程序员,我非常想写一个旧的学校循环来实现这个目标,但我怀疑在MATLAB中有更好的方法。

我宁愿想要一个适用于NxN矩阵的算法,也可以从那里开始。

实施例

1 2 3
4 5 6  -->  1 2 4 7 5 3 6 8 9
7 8 9

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:25)

考虑代码:

M = randi(100, [3 4]);                      %# input matrix

ind = reshape(1:numel(M), size(M));         %# indices of elements
ind = fliplr( spdiags( fliplr(ind) ) );     %# get the anti-diagonals
ind(:,1:2:end) = flipud( ind(:,1:2:end) );  %# reverse order of odd columns
ind(ind==0) = [];                           %# keep non-zero indices

M(ind)                                      %# get elements in zigzag order

4x4矩阵的示例:

» M
M =
    17    35    26    96
    12    59    51    55
    50    23    70    14
    96    76    90    15

» M(ind)
ans =
    17  35  12  50  59  26  96  51  23  96  76  70  55  14  90  15

和一个非方矩阵的例子:

M =
    69     9    16   100
    75    23    83     8
    46    92    54    45
ans =
    69     9    75    46    23    16   100    83    92    54     8    45

答案 1 :(得分:9)

这种方法非常快:

X = randn(500,2000); %// example input matrix
[r, c] = size(X);
M = bsxfun(@plus, (1:r).', 0:c-1);
M = M + bsxfun(@times, (1:r).'/(r+c), (-1).^M);
[~, ind] = sort(M(:));
y = X(ind).'; %'// output row vector

基准

以下代码使用Amro's excellent answer将运行时间与timeit的运行时间进行比较。它测试矩阵大小(条目数)和矩阵形状(行数与列数比率)的不同组合。

%// Amro's approach
function y = zigzag_Amro(M)
ind = reshape(1:numel(M), size(M));
ind = fliplr( spdiags( fliplr(ind) ) );     
ind(:,1:2:end) = flipud( ind(:,1:2:end) );
ind(ind==0) = [];
y = M(ind);

%// Luis' approach
function y = zigzag_Luis(X)
[r, c] = size(X);
M = bsxfun(@plus, (1:r).', 0:c-1);
M = M + bsxfun(@times, (1:r).'/(r+c), (-1).^M);
[~, ind] = sort(M(:));
y = X(ind).';

%// Benchmarking code:
S = [10 30 100 300 1000 3000]; %// reference to generate matrix size
f = [1 1]; %// number of cols is S*f(1); number of rows is S*f(2)
%// f = [0.5 2]; %// plotted with '--'
%// f = [2 0.5]; %// plotted with ':'
t_Amro = NaN(size(S));
t_Luis = NaN(size(S));
for n = 1:numel(S)
    X = rand(f(1)*S(n), f(2)*S(n));
    f_Amro = @() zigzag_Amro(X);
    f_Luis = @() zigzag_Luis(X);
    t_Amro(n) = timeit(f_Amro);
    t_Luis(n) = timeit(f_Luis);
end
loglog(S.^2*prod(f), t_Amro, '.b-');
hold on
loglog(S.^2*prod(f), t_Luis, '.r-');
xlabel('number of matrix entries')
ylabel('time')

下图是使用Matlab R2014b在Windows 7 64位上获得的。 R2010b的结果非常相似。可以看出,新方法将运行时间缩短了2.5(对于小矩阵)和1.4(对于大矩阵)。考虑到总条目数,结果被认为对矩阵形状几乎不敏感。

enter image description here

答案 2 :(得分:8)

这是一个非循环解决方案zig_zag.m。它看起来很丑,但它确实有效!:

function [M,index] = zig_zag(M)
  [r,c] = size(M);
  checker = rem(hankel(1:r,r-1+(1:c)),2);
  [rEven,cEven] = find(checker);
  [cOdd,rOdd] = find(~checker.'); %'#
  rTotal = [rEven; rOdd];
  cTotal = [cEven; cOdd];
  [junk,sortIndex] = sort(rTotal+cTotal);
  rSort = rTotal(sortIndex);
  cSort = cTotal(sortIndex);
  index = sub2ind([r c],rSort,cSort);
  M = M(index);
end

测试矩阵:

>> M = [magic(4) zeros(4,1)];

M =

    16     2     3    13     0
     5    11    10     8     0
     9     7     6    12     0
     4    14    15     1     0

>> newM = zig_zag(M)    %# Zig-zag sampled elements

newM =

    16
     2
     5
     9
    11
     3
    13
    10
     7
     4
    14
     6
     8
     0
     0
    12
    15
     1
     0
     0

答案 3 :(得分:5)

这是一种如何做到这一点的方法。基本上,你的数组是一个hankel矩阵加上1:m的向量,其中m是每个对角线中元素的数量。也许其他人对于如何创建必须在没有循环的情况下添加到翻转的hankel阵列的对角线阵列有一个巧妙的想法。

我认为这应该可以推广到非方阵。

% for a 3x3 array 
n=3;

numElementsPerDiagonal = [1:n,n-1:-1:1];
hadaRC = cumsum([0,numElementsPerDiagonal(1:end-1)]);
array2add = fliplr(hankel(hadaRC(1:n),hadaRC(end-n+1:n)));

% loop through the hankel array and add numbers counting either up or down
% if they are even or odd
for d = 1:(2*n-1)
   if floor(d/2)==d/2
      % even, count down
      array2add = array2add + diag(1:numElementsPerDiagonal(d),d-n);
   else
      % odd, count up
      array2add = array2add + diag(numElementsPerDiagonal(d):-1:1,d-n);
   end
end

% now flip to get the result
indexMatrix = fliplr(array2add)

result =
     1     2     6
     3     5     7
     4     8     9

之后,您只需致电reshape(image(indexMatrix),[],1)以获取重新排序元素的向量。

修改

好的,从您的评论中看起来您需要像Marc建议的那样使用sort

indexMatrixT = indexMatrix';   % ' SO formatting
[dummy,sortedIdx] = sort(indexMatrixT(:));

sortedIdx =
     1     2     4     7     5     3     6     8     9

请注意,在索引之前,您需要首先转置输入矩阵,因为Matlab首先向下计数,然后向右计数。

答案 4 :(得分:4)

假设X是输入的二维矩阵,即squarelandscape-shaped,这似乎非常有效 -

[m,n] = size(X);
nlim = m*n;
n = n+mod(n-m,2);
mask = bsxfun(@le,[1:m]',[n:-1:1]);
start_vec = m:m-1:m*(m-1)+1;
a = bsxfun(@plus,start_vec',[0:n-1]*m);
offset_startcol = 2- mod(m+1,2);
[~,idx] = min(mask,[],1);
idx = idx - 1;
idx(idx==0) = m;
end_ind = a([0:n-1]*m + idx);

offsets = a(1,offset_startcol:2:end) + end_ind(offset_startcol:2:end);
a(:,offset_startcol:2:end) = bsxfun(@minus,offsets,a(:,offset_startcol:2:end));
out = a(mask);
out2 = m*n+1 - out(end:-1:1+m*(n-m+1));
result = X([out2 ; out(out<=nlim)]);

针对Luis's approach -

的快速运行时测试
Datasize: 500 x 2000
------------------------------------- With Proposed Approach
Elapsed time is 0.037145 seconds.
------------------------------------- With Luis Approach
Elapsed time is 0.045900 seconds.


Datasize: 5000 x 20000
------------------------------------- With Proposed Approach
Elapsed time is 3.947325 seconds.
------------------------------------- With Luis Approach
Elapsed time is 6.370463 seconds.

答案 5 :(得分:0)

让我们假设您有一个2-D矩阵,其大小与指定正确索引的图像大小相同。将此数组称为idx;那么重新排序图像的matlab命令就是

[~,I] = sort (idx(:)); %sort the 1D indices of the image into ascending order according to idx
reorderedim = im(I);

我没有看到使用for循环或递归生成idx的明显解决方案,但我会考虑更多。