Question

我通过扩展FunctionPass类在LLVM中编写了标准的Analysis传递。一切似乎都有意义。

现在我要做的是编写几个模块间通道，即允许我一次分析多个模块的通道。一个这样的传递的目的是构建整个应用程序的调用图。另一个这样的传递的目的是我有一个关于函数调用及其参数的优化的想法。

我知道LLVM中的过程间传递，通过扩展ModulePass类，但只允许在单个模块中进行分析。

我知道LLVM中的link time optimization (LTO)，但是（a）我不太清楚这是否是我想要的，（b）我没有找到关于如何实际写的示例或文档 LTO通行证。

如何在LLVM中编写模块间传递，即可以访问应用程序中所有模块的传递？

Answer 1

我找到了一种实现目标的方法：编写一个简单的程序，使用llvm::parseBitcodeFile()读取bitcode文件并创建一个可以遍历和分析的Module对象。它并不理想，因为它不是可以在LLVM框架内运行的Pass。但是，是实现我一次分析多个模块的目标的一种方式。

对于未来的读者，这就是我所做的。

创建一个简单的工具来读取bitcode文件并生成`Module`

//ReadBitcode.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
#include "llvm/Support/MemoryBuffer.h"
#include "llvm/Support/SourceMgr.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/Bitcode/ReaderWriter.h"

using namespace llvm;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc != 2)
    {
        std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " bitcode_filename" << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }
    StringRef filename = argv[1];
    LLVMContext context;

    ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> fileOrErr = MemoryBuffer::getFileOrSTDIN(filename);
    if (std::error_code ec = fileOrErr.getError())
    {
        std::cerr << "Error opening input file: " + ec.message() << std::endl;
        return 2;
    }

    ErrorOr<llvm::Module *> moduleOrErr = parseBitcodeFile(fileOrErr.get()->getMemBufferRef(), context);
    if (std::error_code ec = fileOrErr.getError())
    {
        std::cerr << "Error reading Module: " + ec.message() << std::endl;
        return 3;
    }

    Module *m = moduleOrErr.get();
    std::cout << "Successfully read Module:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << " Name: " << m->getName().str() << std::endl;
    std::cout << " Target triple: " << m->getTargetTriple() << std::endl;

    for (auto iter1 = m->getFunctionList().begin(); iter1 != m->getFunctionList().end(); iter1++)
    {
        Function &f = *iter1;
        std::cout << "  Function: " << f.getName().str() << std::endl;
        for (auto iter2 = f.getBasicBlockList().begin(); iter2 != f.getBasicBlockList().end();
             iter2++)
        {
            BasicBlock &bb = *iter2;
            std::cout << "    BasicBlock: " << bb.getName().str() << std::endl;
            for (auto iter3 = bb.begin(); iter3 != bb.end(); iter3++)
            {
                Instruction &i = *iter3;
                std::cout << "      Instruction: " << i.getOpcodeName() << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

编译工具

$ clang++ ReadBitcode.cpp -o reader `llvm-config --cxxflags --libs --ldflags --system-libs`

创建一个bitcode文件进行分析

$ cat foo.c 
int my_fun(int arg1){
    int x = arg1;
    return x+1;
}

int main(){
    int a = 11;
    int b = 22;
    int c = 33;
    int d = 44;
    if (a > 10){
        b = c;
    } else {
        b = my_fun(d);
    }
    return b;
}

$ clang -emit-llvm -o foo.bc -c foo.c

在bitcode上运行`reader`工具

$ ./reader foo.bc
Successfully read Module:
 Name: foo.bc
 Target triple: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
  Function: my_fun
    BasicBlock: 
      Instruction: alloca
      Instruction: alloca
      Instruction: store
      Instruction: load
      Instruction: store
      Instruction: load
      Instruction: add
      Instruction: ret
  Function: main
    BasicBlock: 
      Instruction: alloca
      Instruction: alloca
      Instruction: alloca
      Instruction: alloca
      Instruction: alloca
      Instruction: store
      Instruction: store
      Instruction: store
      Instruction: store
      Instruction: store
      Instruction: load
      Instruction: icmp
      Instruction: br
    BasicBlock: 
      Instruction: load
      Instruction: store
      Instruction: br
    BasicBlock: 
      Instruction: load
      Instruction: call
      Instruction: store
      Instruction: br
    BasicBlock: 
      Instruction: load
      Instruction: ret

Answer 2

这可以使用模块传递来完成。以下是我的代码，如果您需要帮助，可以查看here。

bar.c

int your_fun(int arg2) {
    int x = arg2;
    return x+2;
}

Skeleton.cpp

#include "llvm/Pass.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LegacyPassManager.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/IPO/PassManagerBuilder.h"
using namespace llvm;

namespace {
  struct SkeletonPass : public ModulePass {
    static char ID;
    SkeletonPass() : ModulePass(ID) {}

    virtual bool runOnModule(Module &M) {
        for (auto& F : M) {
            errs() << "\tFunction: " << F.getName() << "\n";

            for (auto& BB : F) {
                errs() << "\t\tBasic Block: " << BB.getName() << "\n";

                for (auto& I : BB) {
                    errs() << "\t\t\tInstruction: " << I.getOpcodeName() << "\n";
                }
            }
        }

        return false;
    }
  };
}

char SkeletonPass::ID = 0;

// Automatically enable the pass.
// http://adriansampson.net/blog/clangpass.html
static void registerSkeletonPass(const PassManagerBuilder &,
                         legacy::PassManagerBase &PM) {
  PM.add(new SkeletonPass());
}

static RegisterStandardPasses RegisterMyPass(PassManagerBuilder::EP_ModuleOptimizerEarly,
                                                registerSkeletonPass);

static RegisterStandardPasses RegisterMyPass1(PassManagerBuilder::EP_EnabledOnOptLevel0,
                                                registerSkeletonPass);

输出：

| => clang -Xclang -load -Xclang build/skeleton/libSkeletonPass.so foo.c bar.c
Module: foo.c!
        Function: my_fun!
            Basicblock: entry!
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: add
            Instruction: ret
        Function: main!
            Basicblock: entry!
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: icmp
            Instruction: br
            Basicblock: if.then!
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: br
            Basicblock: if.else!
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: call
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: br
            Basicblock: if.end!
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: ret
Module: bar.c!
        Function: your_fun!
            Basicblock: entry!
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: add
            Instruction: ret

输出：如果包含链接到bar.c的头文件

Module: foo.c!
        Function: your_fun!
            Basicblock: entry!
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: add
            Instruction: ret
        Function: my_fun!
            Basicblock: entry!
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: add
            Instruction: ret
        Function: main!
            Basicblock: entry!
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: alloca
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: icmp
            Instruction: br
            Basicblock: if.then!
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: br
            Basicblock: if.else!
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: call
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: call
            Instruction: store
            Instruction: br
            Basicblock: if.end!
            Instruction: load
            Instruction: ret

Answer 3

在LTO中，所有模块组合在一起，您可以在一个模块中看到整个程序IR。

您需要像任何模块传递一样编写模块传递，并将其添加到PassManagerBuilder.cpp中populateLTOPassManager函数中的LTO传递列表中。这是PassManagerBuilder的文档： http://llvm.org/docs/doxygen/html/classllvm_1_1PassManagerBuilder.html

执行此操作时，您的通行证将与其他LTO通行证一起执行。

如何在LLVM中编写自定义模块间传递？

3 个答案:

创建一个简单的工具来读取bitcode文件并生成`Module`

编译工具

创建一个bitcode文件进行分析

在bitcode上运行`reader`工具

如何在LLVM中编写自定义模块间传递？

3 个答案:

创建一个简单的工具来读取bitcode文件并生成Module

编译工具

创建一个bitcode文件进行分析

在bitcode上运行reader工具

创建一个简单的工具来读取bitcode文件并生成`Module`

在bitcode上运行`reader`工具