我正在编写一个小shell作为练习来学习C.现在我可以执行自定义命令，如ls和date，但是当我尝试运行firefox时，它无法启动。为什么？我的会议是
$ ./a.out
miniShell>> ls
ls
a.out digenv2.c~ digenv.c.orig miniShell.c README.md test
digenv digenv.c digenv.old.c miniShell.c~ smallshell.c
digenv2.c digenv.c~ LICENSE miniShell.c.orig smallshell.c.orig
miniShell>> date
date
Tue May 12 09:38:27 CEST 2015
miniShell>> firefox
firefox
miniShell>>
我的节目是
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#define BUFFER_LEN 1024
#define BUFFERSIZE 1024
pid_t foreground = -1;
int mystrcmp(char const *, char const *);
struct command
{
char * const *argv;
};
void err_syserr(char *fmt, ...)
{
int errnum = errno;
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
va_end(args);
if (errnum != 0)
fprintf(stderr, "(%d: %s)\n", errnum, strerror(errnum));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int StartsWith(const char *a, const char *b)
{
if(strncmp(a, b, strlen(b)) == 0) return 1;
return 0;
}
/* Helper function that spawns processes */
/*static int spawn_proc(int in, int out, struct command *cmd)
{
pid_t pid;
if ((pid = fork()) == 0)
{
if (in != 0)
{
if (dup2(in, 0) < 0)
err_syserr("dup2() failed on stdin for %s: ", cmd->argv[0]);
;
close(in);
}
if (out != 1)
{
if (dup2(out, 1) < 0)
err_syserr("dup2() failed on stdout for %s: ", cmd->argv[0]);
close(out);
}
fprintf(stderr, "%d: executing %s\n", (int)getpid(), cmd->argv[0]);
execvp(cmd->argv[0], cmd->argv);
err_syserr("failed to execute %s: ", cmd->argv[0]);
}
else if (pid < 0) {
err_syserr("fork failed: ");
}
return pid;
}*/
/* Helper function that forks pipes */
/*static void fork_pipes(int n, struct command *cmd)
{
int i;
int in = 0;
int fd[2];
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i)
{
pipe(fd);
spawn_proc(in, fd[1], cmd + i);
close(fd[1]);
in = fd[0];
}
if (dup2(in, 0) < 0) {
err_syserr("dup2() failed on stdin for %s: ", cmd[i].argv[0]);
}
fprintf(stderr, "%d: executing %s\n", (int)getpid(), cmd[i].argv[0]);
execvp(cmd[i].argv[0], cmd[i].argv);
err_syserr("failed to execute %s: ", cmd[i].argv[0]);
}*/
/*Remove zoombie processes*/
/*Return if background process terminated*/
/*
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/signal.h.html
*/
void Janitor(int status) {
if(status==SIGCHLD) { /*Child process terminated, stopped, or continued*/
int a = 1;
while(a) {
pid_t pid_my1 = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG);
/*WNOHANG = return immediately if no child has exited*/
/*Wait*/
/*http://linux.die.net/man/2/waitpid*/
if(0<pid_my1) { /*Still things to clean up*/
if(pid_my1!=foreground) { /*Don't stop me since it's the foregound process*/
/*http://linux.die.net/man/3/wait*/
if(WIFEXITED(status)) { /*Child process terminated*/
printf("%d terminated", pid_my1);
}
}
}
else { /*All work done, for now*/
a = 0;
}
}
}
}
int main() {
char line[BUFFER_LEN];
char* argv[100];
char* path= "/bin/";
char progpath[20];
int argc;
size_t length;
char *token;
int i=0;
int pid;
char *tokenstr;
char *search = " ";
int isSignal = 0;
int isBackground = 0;
#ifdef SIGDET
#if SIGDET == 1
isSignal = 1; /*Termination detected by signals*/
#endif
#endif
while(1) {
i = 0;
int built_in_command = 0;
printf("miniShell>> ");
if(!fgets(line, BUFFER_LEN, stdin)) {
break;
}
length = strlen(line);
if (line[length - 1] == '\n') {
line[length - 1] = '\0';
}
if(strcmp(line, "exit")==0) {
break;
}
if(StartsWith(line, "cd")) {
built_in_command=1;
printf("change directory\n");
tokenstr = strtok(line, search);
tokenstr = strtok(NULL, search);
chdir(tokenstr);
/*TODO maybe have a check whether extra argument exist, if not go to home directory*/
}
token = strtok(line," ");
while(token!=NULL) {
argv[i]=token;
token = strtok(NULL," ");
i++;
}
if(StartsWith(line, "checkEnv")) {
built_in_command=1;
if (0==i) {
char *printenv[] = { "printenv", 0};
char *sort[] = { "sort", 0 };
char *less[] = { "less", 0 };
struct command cmd[] = { {printenv}, {sort}, {less} };
fork();
}
else {
char *tmp;
int len = 1;
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
{
len += strlen(argv[i]) + 2;
}
tmp = (char *) malloc(len);
tmp[0] = '\0';
int pos = 0;
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
{
pos += sprintf(tmp + pos, "%s%s", (i == 1 ? "" : "|"), argv[i]);
}
char *printenv[] = { "printenv", 0};
char *grep[] = { "grep", "-E", tmp, NULL};
char *sort[] = { "sort", 0 };
char *less[] = { "less", 0 };
struct command cmd[] = { {printenv}, {grep}, {sort}, {less} };
fork();
free(tmp);
}
}
if(0==built_in_command) { /*Not a built in command, so let execute it*/
argv[i]=NULL;
argc=i;
for(i=0; i<argc; i++) {
printf("%s\n", argv[i]);
}
strcpy(progpath, path);
strcat(progpath, argv[0]);
for(i=0; i<strlen(progpath); i++) {
if(progpath[i]=='\n') {
progpath[i]='\0';
}
}
isBackground = 0;
sigset_t my_sig;
pid_t pid_temp;
int lastElem = (sizeof(line)/sizeof(line[0]))-1; /*Last input argument index*/
/*TODO check if background process*/
/*TODO store the time forground process started*/
int fd[2];
if (isBackground == 1) { //If backgroundprocess
pipe(fd); /*(two new file descriptors)*/
/*FIXME pid_temp = fork_pipes(2, .....);*/
pid_temp = fork();
}
else if (isBackground == 0) { //If foreground process
int isSignal = 0; /*FIXME*/
if (1 == isSignal) { /*If using signaldetection*/
sigemptyset(&my_sig); /*empty and initialising a signal set*/
sigaddset(&my_sig, SIGCHLD); /*Adds signal to a signal set (my_sig)*/
/*http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/sigprocmask.html*/
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &my_sig, NULL);
}
/*FIXME pid_temp = fork_pipes(2, .....);*/
pid_temp = fork();
foreground = pid_temp; /*Set pid for foreground process*/
}
if (0<pid_temp) {
/*Parent process*/
}
else if (0>pid_temp) {
/*Error*/
}
else {
/*Child process*/
if (1 == isBackground) { //Backgroundprocess
dup2(fd[STDIN_FILENO], STDIN_FILENO);
close(fd[0]);
close(fd[1]);
}
execvp(progpath,argv);
/*TODO execute command here, some is working*/
}
if (0 == isBackground) { //Foregroundprocess
/*Write here, Emil*/
int status = 0;
waitpid(pid_temp, &status, 0);
/*Foregroundprocess terminated*/
/*TODO How long time was the total execution time*/
int isSignal = 0; /*FIXME*/
if (1 == isSignal) { /*If using signaldetection*/
int a = sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &my_sig, NULL);
/*http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/sigprocmask.2.html*/
if (0 == a) {
/*Sigprocmask was successfull*/
}
else {
/*Sigprocmask was not successfull, return=-1*/
}
Janitor(SIGCHLD);
}
}
else if (1==isBackground) {
close(fd[0]);
close(fd[1]);
}
}
/* pid= fork();
if(pid==0) {
execvp(progpath,argv);
fprintf(stderr, "Child process could not do execvp\n");
} else {
wait(NULL);
printf("Child exited\n");
}*/
}
return (0);
}
int mystrcmp(char const *p, char const *q)
{
int i = 0;
for(i = 0; q[i]; i++)
{
if(p[i] != q[i])
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int cd(char *pth) {
char path[BUFFERSIZE];
char cwd[BUFFERSIZE];
char * return_value;
int other_return;
strcpy(path,pth);
if(pth[0] != '/')
{
return_value = getcwd(cwd,sizeof(cwd));
strcat(cwd,"/");
strcat(cwd,path);
other_return = chdir(cwd);
} else {
other_return = chdir(pth);
}
printf("Spawned foreground process: %d\n", getpid());
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分：5)
问题在于路径。您始终假设命令位于/bin/，而firefox通常位于/usr/bin/。所以你的孩子将会执行/bin/firefox而失败。检查execvp的返回码有助于找到这个。成功后，execvp家庭功能不会返回。所以，如果他们这样做，你知道为什么。