Awk用空格分割一条线，每个区域都有空格

Question

我有一个像这样的R汇总表：

       employee     salary        startdate
 John Doe  :1   Min.   :21000   Min.   :2007-03-14
 Jolie Hope:1   1st Qu.:22200   1st Qu.:2007-09-18
 Peter Gynn:1   Median :23400   Median :2008-03-25
                Mean   :23733   Mean   :2008-10-02
                3rd Qu.:25100   3rd Qu.:2009-07-13
                Max.   :26800   Max.   :2010-11-01

我需要生成一个输出csv文件，如下所示：

employee,,salary,,startdate,,
John Doe,1,Min.,21000,Min.,2007-03-14
Jolie Hope,1,1st Qu.,22200,1st Qu.,2007-09-18
Peter Gynn,1,Median,23400,Median,2008-03-25
,,Mean,23733,Mean,2008-10-02
,,3rd Qu.,25100,3rd Qu.,2009-07-13
,,Max.,26800,Max.,2010-11-01

所以在excel中它看起来像这样：

但是，将字段拆分一个或多个空格

是不够的

 awk -F "[ ]+" '{ print $3 }'

它适用于标题，但不适用于其余行：

salary
Doe
Hope:1
Gynn:1
:23733
Qu.:25100
:26800

使用awk（也许是sed）可以解决这个问题吗？

Answer 1

sed '1 {
   s/^[[:space:]]*\([^[:space:]]\{1,\}\)[[:space:]]\{1,\}\([^[:space:]]\{1,\}\)[[:space:]]\{1,\}[[:space:]]\{1,\}\([^[:space:]]\{1,\}\)/\1,,\2,,\3,/
   b
   }

s/[[:space:]]\{1,\}:/:/g

/^[[:space:]]*\([^:]\{1,\}\):\([^[:space:]]*\)[[:space:]]*\([^:]\{1,\}\):\([^[:space:]]*\)[[:space:]]*\([^:]\{1,\}\):\(.[^[:space:]]*\)/ {
   s//\1,\2,\3,\4,\5,\6/
   b
   }
/^[[:space:]]*\([^:]\{1,\}\):\([^[:space:]]*\)[[:space:]]*\([^:]\{1,\}\):\([^[:space:]]*\)/ {
   s//,,\1,\2,\3,\4/
   b
   }
' YourFile

如果你需要在这个ArachnoRegEx中适应一点，那么只需要一个乐趣 awk在这种情况下更有趣，主要是为了稍后添加的任何改编，但如果你只能访问sed ......

Answer 2

这对于FIELDWIDTHS等使用GNU awk，并且在标题始终填充所有字段之后依赖于第一行输入。它包含仅: s作为输出字段的位置，如果您想使用此解决方案，我希望您可以弄清楚如何跳过这些位置：

$ cat tst.awk
BEGIN { OFS="," }
NR==1 {
    for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) {
        printf "%s%s", $i, (i<NF?OFS OFS OFS:ORS)
    }
    next
}
NR==2 {
    tail = $0
    while ( match(tail,/([^:]+):(\S+(\s+|$))/,a) ) {
        FIELDWIDTHS = FIELDWIDTHS length(a[1]) " 1 " length(a[2]) " "
        tail = substr(tail,RSTART+RLENGTH)
    }
    $0 = $0
}
{
    for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) {
        gsub(/^\s+|\s+$/,"",$i)
    }
    print
}

$ awk -f tst.awk file
employee,,,salary,,,startdate
John Doe,:,1,Min.,:,21000,Min.,:,2007-03-14
Jolie Hope,:,1,1st Qu.,:,22200,1st Qu.,:,2007-09-18
Peter Gynn,:,1,Median,:,23400,Median,:,2008-03-25
,,,Mean,:,23733,Mean,:,2008-10-02
,,,3rd Qu.,:,25100,3rd Qu.,:,2009-07-13
,,,Max.,:,26800,Max.,:,2010-11-01