简短版:根据我访问https服务器的方式,我看到的SSL证书链有所不同。发生了什么,以及如何在这些情况下验证证书?
我尝试使用libcurl来验证SSL连接的证书。我连接的服务器是Amazon S3。
当我在Firefox中访问Amazon S3时,我得到了这个证书链:
当我通过OpenSSL命令行工具访问同一个URL时,我得到了这个证书链:
" *。s3.amazonaws.com"和" VeriSign Class 3安全服务器CA - G3"证书似乎是相同的,但之后的证书是不同的!它被命名为" VeriSign Class 3公共主要认证机构 - G5"在两个链中,但证书序列号不同。 (其他信息也不同;如果您想要更长的转储,请告诉我。)
我认为这种差异是我无法通过libcurl验证SSL证书的原因。序列号为#34; 18:DA:D1 ..."在我的CACERT.PEM文件中,但序列号为#34; 35:97:31的证书..."不是。
显然,简单的解决方法是添加证书" 35:97:31 ......"到我的CACERT.PEM文件,但我想在这里进行正确的更改,而不仅仅是快速修复。
我使用libcurl和OpenSSL从Amazon S3下载。 Libcurl正在返回" SSL证书问题:无法获得本地颁发者证书",我知道这意味着根证书未列在我的CACERT.PEM文件中。 (我使用的是downloaded from curl's website,它是从Mozilla的证书存储区转换而来的。)我能够验证其他SSL连接上的证书,所以我知道我的libcurl设置是正确的。
要查看正在发生的事情以及证书无法验证的原因,我在Firefox中提取了相同的网址。 Firefox没有显示任何SSL证书警告。这是Firefox显示的认证路径。根证书" VeriSign Class 3公共主要证书颁发机构 - G5",列在我的CACERT.PEM文件中,证书的序列号与屏幕截图中显示的内容相符。
这里是链中所有三个证书的序列号:
在不同的平台(不同的操作系统,不同版本的OpenSSL等)上,我尝试使用OpenSSL命令行工具访问相同的URL,并获得了不同的认证路径!
$ openssl s_client -showcerts -connect stackoverflowtest.s3.amazonaws.com:443 CONNECTED(00000003) depth=3 C = US, O = "VeriSign, Inc.", OU = Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority verify return:1 depth=2 C = US, O = "VeriSign, Inc.", OU = VeriSign Trust Network, OU = "(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only", CN = VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5 verify return:1 depth=1 C = US, O = "VeriSign, Inc.", OU = VeriSign Trust Network, OU = Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10, CN = VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 verify return:1 depth=0 C = US, ST = Washington, L = Seattle, O = Amazon.com Inc., OU = S3-A, CN = *.s3.amazonaws.com verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=US/ST=Washington/L=Seattle/O=Amazon.com Inc./OU=S3-A/CN=*.s3.amazonaws.com i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIFOTCCBCGgAwIBAgIQQ/u6wmYn4JceHBHgMMNrZjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADCB tTELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxFzAVBgNVBAoTDlZlcmlTaWduLCBJbmMuMR8wHQYDVQQL ExZWZXJpU2lnbiBUcnVzdCBOZXR3b3JrMTswOQYDVQQLEzJUZXJtcyBvZiB1c2Ug YXQgaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudmVyaXNpZ24uY29tL3JwYSAoYykxMDEvMC0GA1UEAxMm VmVyaVNpZ24gQ2xhc3MgMyBTZWN1cmUgU2VydmVyIENBIC0gRzMwHhcNMTQwNjI1 MDAwMDAwWhcNMTUwNjA1MjM1OTU5WjB6MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzETMBEGA1UECBMK V2FzaGluZ3RvbjEQMA4GA1UEBxQHU2VhdHRsZTEYMBYGA1UEChQPQW1hem9uLmNv bSBJbmMuMQ0wCwYDVQQLFARTMy1BMRswGQYDVQQDFBIqLnMzLmFtYXpvbmF3cy5j b20wggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQC+mjGH4PrN0TDNmTsF my2fHpHpTuySRwBMe/nuGIkL3cvKIxFKLHvkK9kx1UpO0skdQTdCY55LywhubLNO fD19IzJdoRGdlqgkDAYC8vz3LRYj8WWsGnROfS/YFtgj25YaHPnsNp6lWrff4/qi ctbojJpMxm+9Q0A4nTzrZymHEUkRbx6AVVUBVKH3uZi/w0aV+i4cp2bs+CYIK3DL Qp584DJ9bOImgUhDfz19+Wtv64zIezE0Uz9eOkqgQ1X//XumyZWyD6N6+h/XqTnc YTvIer/s83T/IngGMbfPRqjpQCay6ySXCNbJ5izMgo+gwN84t7JhaI+EYcxf1dDN w0mXAgMBAAGjggF9MIIBeTAJBgNVHRMEAjAAMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIFoDAdBgNV HSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIwZQYDVR0gBF4wXDBaBgpghkgBhvhF AQc2MEwwIwYIKwYBBQUHAgEWF2h0dHBzOi8vZC5zeW1jYi5jb20vY3BzMCUGCCsG AQUFBwICMBkaF2h0dHBzOi8vZC5zeW1jYi5jb20vcnBhMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFA1E XBZTRMGCfh0gqyX0AWPYvnmlMCsGA1UdHwQkMCIwIKAeoByGGmh0dHA6Ly9zZC5z eW1jYi5jb20vc2QuY3JsMFcGCCsGAQUFBwEBBEswSTAfBggrBgEFBQcwAYYTaHR0 cDovL3NkLnN5bWNkLmNvbTAmBggrBgEFBQcwAoYaaHR0cDovL3NkLnN5bWNiLmNv bS9zZC5jcnQwLwYDVR0RBCgwJoISKi5zMy5hbWF6b25hd3MuY29tghBzMy5hbWF6 b25hd3MuY29tMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4IBAQBlXrn1FTPjVIFbcuQNbBesrAMI NV4L7jS1mobEwFrb7UrqZ7kHvuvoR/BpDygATyqLvPihs7nUc2TUHsw/41EAHKoq QBVfRTOH0yWaTC6SYSx7fiElL+k55Pvrz4+7gLRy5zUlVX3iUw93zr95ka/LPuCL 7PQOFPeQDOgveDjcSNVtLcTfQfvog/rMSu/4XPFHu7zaZwUEurt9CzLeVbdB6O25 bHuHTaZLP0wmjCIbwgXu8bFWqOTnAjG70EtYrbIiQhl/ISJU6HioFzLiy5Ibp07r RbV4ir5EI2EPKxIy30YDvpCQ0WQvYLWFV0qQOuOXkMC2M2IsBmVn2/9GQ7eP -----END CERTIFICATE----- 1 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIF7DCCBNSgAwIBAgIQbsx6pacDIAm4zrz06VLUkTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADCB yjELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxFzAVBgNVBAoTDlZlcmlTaWduLCBJbmMuMR8wHQYDVQQL ExZWZXJpU2lnbiBUcnVzdCBOZXR3b3JrMTowOAYDVQQLEzEoYykgMjAwNiBWZXJp U2lnbiwgSW5jLiAtIEZvciBhdXRob3JpemVkIHVzZSBvbmx5MUUwQwYDVQQDEzxW ZXJpU2lnbiBDbGFzcyAzIFB1YmxpYyBQcmltYXJ5IENlcnRpZmljYXRpb24gQXV0 aG9yaXR5IC0gRzUwHhcNMTAwMjA4MDAwMDAwWhcNMjAwMjA3MjM1OTU5WjCBtTEL MAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxFzAVBgNVBAoTDlZlcmlTaWduLCBJbmMuMR8wHQYDVQQLExZW ZXJpU2lnbiBUcnVzdCBOZXR3b3JrMTswOQYDVQQLEzJUZXJtcyBvZiB1c2UgYXQg aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudmVyaXNpZ24uY29tL3JwYSAoYykxMDEvMC0GA1UEAxMmVmVy aVNpZ24gQ2xhc3MgMyBTZWN1cmUgU2VydmVyIENBIC0gRzMwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3 DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQCxh4QfwgxF9byrJZenraI+nLr2wTm4i8rCrFbG 5btljkRPTc5v7QlK1K9OEJxoiy6Ve4mbE8riNDTB81vzSXtig0iBdNGIeGwCU/m8 f0MmV1gzgzszChew0E6RJK2GfWQS3HRKNKEdCuqWHQsV/KNLO85jiND4LQyUhhDK tpo9yus3nABINYYpUHjoRWPNGUFP9ZXse5jUxHGzUL4os4+guVOc9cosI6n9FAbo GLSa6Dxugf3kzTU2s1HTaewSulZub5tXxYsU5w7HnO1KVGrJTcW/EbGuHGeBy0RV M5l/JJs/U0V/hhrzPPptf4H1uErT9YU3HLWm0AnkGHs4TvoPAgMBAAGjggHfMIIB 2zA0BggrBgEFBQcBAQQoMCYwJAYIKwYBBQUHMAGGGGh0dHA6Ly9vY3NwLnZlcmlz aWduLmNvbTASBgNVHRMBAf8ECDAGAQH/AgEAMHAGA1UdIARpMGcwZQYLYIZIAYb4 RQEHFwMwVjAoBggrBgEFBQcCARYcaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudmVyaXNpZ24uY29tL2Nw czAqBggrBgEFBQcCAjAeGhxodHRwczovL3d3dy52ZXJpc2lnbi5jb20vcnBhMDQG A1UdHwQtMCswKaAnoCWGI2h0dHA6Ly9jcmwudmVyaXNpZ24uY29tL3BjYTMtZzUu Y3JsMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjBtBggrBgEFBQcBDARhMF+hXaBbMFkwVzBVFglp bWFnZS9naWYwITAfMAcGBSsOAwIaBBSP5dMahqyNjmvDz4Bq1EgYLHsZLjAlFiNo dHRwOi8vbG9nby52ZXJpc2lnbi5jb20vdnNsb2dvLmdpZjAoBgNVHREEITAfpB0w GzEZMBcGA1UEAxMQVmVyaVNpZ25NUEtJLTItNjAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUDURcFlNEwYJ+ HSCrJfQBY9i+eaUwHwYDVR0jBBgwFoAUf9Nlp8Ld7LvwMAnzQzn6Aq8zMTMwDQYJ KoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBAAyDJO/dwwzZWJz+NrbrioBL0aP3nfPMU++CnqOh5pfB WJ11bOAdG0z60cEtBcDqbrIicFXZIDNAMwfCZYP6j0M3m+oOmmxw7vacgDvZN/R6 bezQGH1JSsqZxxkoor7YdyT3hSaGbYcFQEFn0Sc67dxIHSLNCwuLvPSxe/20majp dirhGi2HbnTTiN0eIsbfFrYrghQKlFzyUOyvzv9iNw2tZdMGQVPtAhTItVgooazg W+yzf5VK+wPIrSbb5mZ4EkrZn0L74ZjmQoObj49nJOhhGbXdzbULJgWOw27EyHW4 Rs/iGAZeqa6ogZpHFt4MKGwlJ7net4RYxh84HqTEy2Y= -----END CERTIFICATE----- 2 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5 i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIExjCCBC+gAwIBAgIQNZcxh/OHOgcyfs5YDJt+2jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBf MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEXMBUGA1UEChMOVmVyaVNpZ24sIEluYy4xNzA1BgNVBAsT LkNsYXNzIDMgUHVibGljIFByaW1hcnkgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGlvbiBBdXRob3JpdHkw HhcNMDYxMTA4MDAwMDAwWhcNMjExMTA3MjM1OTU5WjCByjELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMx FzAVBgNVBAoTDlZlcmlTaWduLCBJbmMuMR8wHQYDVQQLExZWZXJpU2lnbiBUcnVz dCBOZXR3b3JrMTowOAYDVQQLEzEoYykgMjAwNiBWZXJpU2lnbiwgSW5jLiAtIEZv ciBhdXRob3JpemVkIHVzZSBvbmx5MUUwQwYDVQQDEzxWZXJpU2lnbiBDbGFzcyAz IFB1YmxpYyBQcmltYXJ5IENlcnRpZmljYXRpb24gQXV0aG9yaXR5IC0gRzUwggEi MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQCvJAgIKXo1nmAMqudLO07cfLw8 RRy7K+D+KQL5VwijZIUVJ/XxrcgxiV0i6CqqpkKzj/i5Vbext0uz/o9+B1fs70Pb ZmIVYc9gDaTY3vjgw2IIPVQT60nKWVSFJuUrjxuf6/WhkcIzSdhDY2pSS9KP6HBR TdGJaXvHcPaz3BJ023tdS1bTlr8Vd6Gw9KIl8q8ckmcY5fQGBO+QueQA5N06tRn/ Arr0PO7gi+s3i+z016zy9vA9r911kTMZHRxAy3QkGSGT2RT+rCpSx4/VBEnkjWNH iDxpg8v+R70rfk/Fla4OndTRQ8Bnc+MUCH7lP59zuDMKz10/NIeWiu5T6CUVAgMB AAGjggGRMIIBjTAPBgNVHRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MDEGA1UdHwQqMCgwJqAkoCKGIGh0 dHA6Ly9jcmwudmVyaXNpZ24uY29tL3BjYTMuY3JsMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjA9 BgNVHSAENjA0MDIGBFUdIAAwKjAoBggrBgEFBQcCARYcaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudmVy aXNpZ24uY29tL2NwczAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUf9Nlp8Ld7LvwMAnzQzn6Aq8zMTMwNAYD VR0lBC0wKwYJYIZIAYb4QgQBBgpghkgBhvhFAQgBBggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUH AwIwbQYIKwYBBQUHAQwEYTBfoV2gWzBZMFcwVRYJaW1hZ2UvZ2lmMCEwHzAHBgUr DgMCGgQUj+XTGoasjY5rw8+AatRIGCx7GS4wJRYjaHR0cDovL2xvZ28udmVyaXNp Z24uY29tL3ZzbG9nby5naWYwNAYIKwYBBQUHAQEEKDAmMCQGCCsGAQUFBzABhhho dHRwOi8vb2NzcC52ZXJpc2lnbi5jb20wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADgYEADyWuSO0b M4VMDLXC1/5N1oMoTEFlYAALd0hxgv5/21oOIMzS6ke8ZEJhRDR0MIGBJopK90Rd fjSAqLiD4gnXbSPdie0oCL1jWhFXCMSe2uJoKK/dUDzsgiHYAMJVRFBwQa2DF3m6 CPMr3u00HUSe0gST9MsFFy0JLS1j7/YmC3s= -----END CERTIFICATE----- --- Server certificate subject=/C=US/ST=Washington/L=Seattle/O=Amazon.com Inc./OU=S3-A/CN=*.s3.amazonaws.com issuer=/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 --- No client certificate CA names sent Server Temp Key: ECDH, prime256v1, 256 bits --- SSL handshake has read 4624 bytes and written 399 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1.2 Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA Session-ID: B642ED1E6FE32F7A374B5A62847DEC63C2F37DCA7A18FD669B8F0FCDC98C49BF Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: EE2D31F43D341A0895B36E0BCCE7557B221F1469AC1B7B0BA22D843C75F25F949822B0D0E22E967A1F373F034E9624E4 Key-Arg : None Krb5 Principal: None PSK identity: None PSK identity hint: None Start Time: 1430871883 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) --- closed
当我decode列出的证书时,我获得的证书链不同于Firefox给我的。
正在使用的证书及其直接父证书是相同的,但下一个证书具有相同的名称,但序列号不同。
这是我的版本信息:
> curld --version curl 7.40.0 (i386-pc-win32ce) libcurl/7.40.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1e Protocols: dict ftp ftps gopher http https imap imaps pop3 pop3s rtsp smb smbs smtp smtps tftp Features: NTLM SSL
> curld --version curl 7.40.0 (i386-pc-win32) libcurl/7.40.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1c Protocols: dict ftp ftps gopher http https imap imaps pop3 pop3s rtsp smb smbs smtp smtps tftp Features: AsynchDNS Largefile NTLM SSL
$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.6 (Final) $ openssl version OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013 $ yum list openssl Installed Packages openssl.x86_64 1.0.1e-30.el6.8 @updates
Firefox:37.0.2,在Windows 7 x64上运行。
我确实回答了这个问题:SSL Certificate - Certification Path in browser different from Certificate Chain File,但我的问题似乎有所不同:在这种情况下,OpenSSL命令行工具中的证书链变为1 - 2 - 3 - 4,在IE中它是1 - 2 - 3.因为IE考虑了#34; 3"作为根证书,链条提前停止。在我的例子中,Firefox报告1 - 2 - 3,OpenSSL报告1 - 2 - 4;链条是不同的。
答案 0 :(得分:4)
服务器将相同的链证书发送到firefox和s_client:
但验证证书的方式因SSL堆栈和客户端的受信任根证书而异。如果是curl,你会遇到一个旧的OpenSSL验证问题。详细说明:
解决方案可能是使用CA存储进行卷曲which still includes the old deprecated 1024bit CA's,以便它包含信任锚" / C = US / O = VeriSign,Inc. / OU = Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority& #34;
有关此问题的更多详细信息,请参阅