我正在尝试使用GLSL为纹理四边形生成我的OpenGL场景的天空盒。但是,当我尝试使用纹理生成天空盒颜色时,天空盒子变成黑色。当我手动设置颜色时,天空盒工作,所以我已经基本上将问题缩小到我设置纹理的错误。我还为纹理函数弄乱了一堆不同的eyeDirection矢量值,我仍然只得到一个黑色方块。
这是我的片段着色器:
#version 450 compatibility
layout(binding=0) uniform samplerCube currTexture;
smooth in vec3 eyeDirection;
out vec4 fragmentColor;
void main() {
fragmentColor = texture(currTexture, eyeDirection);
//fragmentColor = vec4(eyeDirection, 1.0);
}
这是我的顶点着色器:
#version 450
uniform mat4 projection;
uniform mat4 modelView;
in vec4 aPosition;
smooth out vec3 eyeDirection;
void main() {
mat3 inverseModelView = inverse(mat3(modelView));
vec3 unprojected = (inverse(projection) * aPosition).xyz;
eyeDirection = inverseModelView * unprojected;
// eyeDirection = aPosition.xyz;
//gl_Position = aPosition.xyww;
gl_Position = new vec4(aPosition.x, aPosition.y, 1.0, aPosition.w );
}
这是我初始化纹理的地方:
// initializes all the necessary texture values
void TrainView::initTextures() {
// loading in texture maps
SDL_Surface* xPos = IMG_Load("SkyBoxXpos.png");
SDL_Surface* xNeg = IMG_Load("SkyBoxXneg.png");
SDL_Surface* yPos = IMG_Load("SkyBoxYpos.png");
SDL_Surface* yNeg = IMG_Load("SkyBoxYneg.png");
SDL_Surface* zPos = IMG_Load("SkyBoxZpos.png");
SDL_Surface* zNeg = IMG_Load("SkyBoxZneg.png");
if (!xPos)
printf("IMG_Load: %s\n", IMG_GetError());
if (!xNeg)
printf("IMG_Load: %s\n", IMG_GetError());
if (!yPos)
printf("IMG_Load: %s\n", IMG_GetError());
if (!yNeg)
printf("IMG_Load: %s\n", IMG_GetError());
if (!zPos)
printf("IMG_Load: %s\n", IMG_GetError());
if (!zNeg)
printf("IMG_Load: %s\n", IMG_GetError());
// handle error
glGenTextures(1, &skyBoxTexture);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, skyBoxTexture);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
// files are 24-bit bmp files
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X, 0, GL_RGBA, xPos->w, xPos->h, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, xPos->pixels);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X, 0, GL_RGBA, xNeg->w, xNeg->h, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, xNeg->pixels);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y, 0, GL_RGBA, yPos->w, yPos->h, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, yPos->pixels);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y, 0, GL_RGBA, yNeg->w, yNeg->h, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, yNeg->pixels);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Z, 0, GL_RGBA, zPos->w, zPos->h, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, zPos->pixels);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Z, 0, GL_RGBA, zNeg->w, zNeg->h, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, zNeg->pixels);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, NULL);
}
这是我尝试绘制/渲染天空盒的地方:
// handles everything for drawing the sky box
void TrainView::drawSkyBox(){
glUseProgram(skyBoxShader);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, skyBoxTexture);
int loc = glGetUniformLocation(skyBoxShader, "modelView");
GLfloat mvFl[16], projFl[16];
glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX, mvFl);
glUniformMatrix4fv(loc, 1, GL_FALSE, mvFl);
loc = glGetUniformLocation(skyBoxShader, "projection");
glGetFloatv(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX, projFl);
glUniformMatrix4fv(loc, 1, GL_FALSE, projFl);
loc = glGetUniformLocation(skyBoxTexture, "currTexture");
glUniform1i(loc, 0);
// not sure if this is necessary or done as intended by opengl
GLuint sampler;
glGenSamplers(1, &sampler);
glBindSampler(0, sampler);
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glEnd();
glUseProgram(NULL);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
}
答案 0 :(得分:2)
您在此处为立方体纹理启用了mipmap采样:
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP,
GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
但是,您没有为纹理创建mipmap。在spec语言中,这意味着你的纹理不是“mipmap完成”,这反过来使它不是“纹理完整”。对不完整纹理进行采样的结果是 BLACK 。
创建mipmap的最简单方法是在指定纹理数据后调用glGenerateMipmap()
,即在所有glTexImage2D()
调用6个边之后:
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP);
如果您不需要mipmap,您只需将filter参数的值设置为不使用mipmap:
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP,
GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
您尝试创建采样器对象的操作在这里没有帮助。如果要使用多个不同的采样属性对相同纹理进行采样,则采样器对象非常有用。假设您想在同一个着色器中同时使用GL_LINEAR
和GL_NEAREST
采样相同的纹理,可以通过为此纹理创建两个采样器对象来实现。我不认为这是一个非常常见的用例,但有些情况下它会派上用场,而且在引入采样器对象之前是不可能的。