我试图了解fields
pragma的行为,我发现poorly documented,关于以下划线为前缀的字段。这就是文档中有关它的说法:
以下划线字符开头的字段名称对该类是私有的,并且对子类不可见。可以覆盖继承的字段,但如果与-w开关一起使用,则会生成警告。
根据我的测试,这与其实际行为不一致。不仅_
- 在子类中可见前缀字段,它们在外部类中也是可见的(除非我没有得到“可见”的含义)。此外,直接访问受限制的哈希工作正常。
在哪里可以找到有关fields
编译指示行为的更多信息,而不是源代码?
{
package Foo;
use strict;
use warnings;
use fields qw/a _b __c/;
sub new {
my ( $class ) = @_;
my Foo $self = fields::new($class);
$self->a = 1; $self->b = 2; $self->c = 3;
return $self;
}
sub a : lvalue { shift->{a} }
sub b : lvalue { shift->{_b} }
sub c : lvalue { shift->{__c} }
}
{
package Bar;
use base 'Foo';
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
my $o = Bar->new;
print Dumper $o; ##$VAR1 = bless({'_b' => 2, '__c' => 3, 'a' => 1}, 'Foo');
$o->a = 4; $o->b = 5; $o->c = 6;
print Dumper $o; ##$VAR1 = bless({'_b' => 5, '__c' => 6, 'a' => 4}, 'Foo');
$o->{a} = 7; $o->{_b} = 8; $o->{__c} = 9;
print Dumper $o; ##$VAR1 = bless({'_b' => 8, '__c' => 9, 'a' => 7}, 'Foo');
}
答案 0 :(得分:7)
巧合的是,我碰巧在两年前的~/codescraps/fields/test.pl
中有一个测试脚本,当时我尝试回答完全相同的问题。 :)
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
{
package Foo;
use fields qw(foo bar _Foo_private);
use private qw(_really_private);
sub new {
my Foo $self = shift;
unless (ref $self) {
$self = fields::new($self);
$self->{_Foo_private} = "this is Foo's secret";
}
$self->{foo} = 10;
$self->{bar} = 20;
return $self;
}
}
my $foo = Foo->new;
$foo->{foo} = 42;
# this will generate an error: field does not exist
#$foo->{zap} = 42;
print "_Foo_private: " . $foo->{_Foo_private} . "\n";
$foo->{_Foo_private} = 1;
print "_Foo_private: " . $foo->{_Foo_private} . "\n";
print "_really_private: " . $foo->{_really_private} . "\n";
$foo->{_really_private} = 1;
print "_really_private: " . $foo->{_really_private} . "\n";
print Dumper($foo);
# subclassing
{
package Bar;
use base 'Foo';
use fields qw(baz _Bar_private); # these fields not shared with Foo
sub new {
my $class = shift;
my $self = fields::new($class);
$self->SUPER::new(); # init base fields
$self->{baz} = 10; # init own fields
$self->{_Bar_private} = "this is Bar's secret";
return $self;
}
}
my $bar = Bar->new;
# these work fine
$bar->{foo} = 1;
$bar->{bar} = 1;
$bar->{_Bar_private} = 1;
# this will not work - underscored fields are not visible to children
$bar->{_Foo_private} = 1;
当我运行你的代码时,我收到错误:
No such pseudo-hash field "_b" at test2.pl line 16.
(第16行是sub b的定义。)你在运行它的架构是什么?使用字段pragma的对象不是简单的祝福hashrefs - 它们是有福的arrayrefs,例如当我修改你的构造函数看起来像这样:
sub new {
my ( $class ) = @_;
my Foo $self = fields::new($class);
$self->{a} = 1; $self->{_b} = 2; $self->{__c} = 3;
print "I look like: ", Data::Dumper::Dumper($self);
return $self;
}
我明白了:
I look like: $VAR1 = bless( [
bless( {
'a' => 1
}, 'pseudohash' ),
1,
2,
3
], 'Bar' );
作为附言,我觉得有必要指出fields编译指示以及随之而来的base编译指示都已弃用,强烈建议不要使用它们。如今,如果您正在构建一个带有访问器的漂亮OO模块,可以使用Class::Accessor或直接转到Moose。