我需要使用正则表达式匹配Scala中的模式,我目前有一个正则表达式
InputPattern: scala.util.matching.Regex = put (.*) in (.*)
当我执行以下操作时会发生这种情况:
scala> val InputPattern(verb, item, prep, obj) = "put a in b";
scala.MatchError: put a in b (of class java.lang.String)
... 33 elided
我希望最终输入verb("put"), item("a"), prep("in"), and obj("b")
输入"输入b" 和verb("put"), item(""), prep("in"), and obj("")
输入&# 34;放入" 。
由于
答案 0 :(得分:1)
您可以为所有情况编写一个正则表达式,但我不确定它是否可读和可维护。我更喜欢简单的方法:
val pattern1 = "(put) (.*) (in) (.*)".r
val pattern2 = "(put) (in)".r
def parse(text: String) = text match {
case pattern1(verb, item, prep, obj) => (verb, item, prep, obj);
case pattern2(verb, prep) => (verb, "", prep, "")
}
scala> parse("put a in b")
res6: (String, String, String, String) = (put,a,in,b)
scala> parse("put in")
res7: (String, String, String, String) = (put,"",in,"")
还有一个额外的想法:我希望你知道你在做什么! RegEx是Chomsky Type 3 grammar,自然语言要复杂得多。如果您需要自然语言解析器,则可以使用已有的解决方案,例如Stanford NLP parser。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
这适用于您的特殊情况:
scala> val InputPattern = "(put) (.*?) ?(in) ?(.*?)".r
InputPattern: scala.util.matching.Regex = (put) (.*) ?(in) ?(.*)
scala> val InputPattern(verb, item, prep, obj) = "put a in b"
verb: String = put
item: String = a
prep: String = in
obj: String = b
scala> val InputPattern(verb, item, prep, obj) = "put in"
verb: String = put
item: String = ""
prep: String = in
obj: String = ""
此处的 put
和in
也会在群组中捕获,以参与模式匹配。我还使用了懒惰的正则表达式(.*?)
来尽可能少地捕获,您可以用(\S*)
替换它。 ?
为您提供可选的空间
“放入”(put
和in
之间有一个空格,最后没有空格。)
但要注意这一点:
scala> val InputPattern(verb, item, prep, obj) = "put ainb"
verb: String = put
item: String = a
prep: String = in
obj: String = b
scala> val InputPattern(verb, item, prep, obj) = "put aininb"
verb: String = put
item: String = a
prep: String = in
obj: String = inb
scala> val InputPattern(verb, item, prep, obj) = "put ain"
verb: String = put
item: String = a
prep: String = in
obj: String = ""
如果你有简单的命令解释器,它甚至可能是好的,否则你应该单独匹配你的特殊情况。
要处理简单(非自然)语言,您还可以考虑StandardTokenParsers
,因为它们是无上下文的(Chomsky type 2):
import scala.util.parsing.combinator.syntactical._
val p = new StandardTokenParsers {
lexical.reserved ++= List("put", "in")
def p = "put" ~ opt(ident) ~ "in" ~ opt(ident)
}
scala> p.p(new p.lexical.Scanner("put a in b"))
warning: there was one feature warning; re-run with -feature for details
res13 = [1.11] parsed: (((put~Some(a))~in)~Some(b))
scala> p.p(new p.lexical.Scanner("put in"))
warning: there was one feature warning; re-run with -feature for details
res14 = [1.7] parsed: (((put~None)~in)~None)