我编写了下面的代码,为嵌套结构动态分配内存:Product **product;
我的代码的目的是让我学习正确或更好的方法来动态分配内存,以便使用指向另一个内部结构的双指针指向struct的指针。代码运行正常。
问题:代码的任何更正或改进?提前感谢您分享您的经验。
typedef struct {
int price;
} Product;
typedef struct {
Product **product;
int id;
} Inventory;
int main() {
int i, j, k, count=0;
int n1=2, n2=3, n3=2;
Inventory *inventory = malloc(n1 * sizeof *inventory);
for (i=0; i<n1; i++) {
inventory[i].product = malloc(n2 * sizeof *inventory[i].product);
for (j=0; j<n2; j++) {
inventory[i].product[j] = malloc(n3 * sizeof *inventory[i].product[j]);
}
}
for (i=0; i<n1; i++) {
for (j=0; j<n2; j++) {
for (k=0; k<n3; k++) {
inventory[i].product[j][k].price = count++;
printf("%d " , inventory[i].product[j][k].price);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
Output: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
答案 0 :(得分:1)
我尝试使用较大的n1
,n2
和n3
,您的代码也可以使用。
但这里有两点需要注意:
1。您需要在使用free()
分配内存后添加malloc()
。
2. 如果您想使用c ++编译器(例如,g ++)来编译此代码,则需要转换指针&#39; malloc()
函数返回的类型。
以下是我测试过的代码。运行它需要一些时间:
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "stdio.h"
typedef struct {
int price;
} Product;
typedef struct {
Product **product;
int id;
} Inventory;
int main() {
int i, j, k, count=0;
int n1=525, n2=33, n3=141;
Inventory *inventory = (Inventory*)malloc(n1 * sizeof *inventory);
for (i=0; i<n1; i++) {
inventory[i].product = (Product**)malloc(n2 * sizeof *inventory[i].product);
for (j=0; j<n2; j++) {
inventory[i].product[j] = (Product*)malloc(n3 * sizeof *inventory[i].product[j]);
for (k=0; k<n3; k++) {
inventory[i].product[j][k].price = k*i*j;
}
}
}
for (i=0; i<n1; i++) {
for (j=0; j<n2; j++) {
for (k=0; k<n3; k++) {
printf("%d\n", inventory[i].product[j][k].price);
}
}
}
for (i=0; i<n1; i++) {
for (j=0; j<n2; j++) {
free(inventory[i].product[j]);
}
free(inventory[i].product);
}
free(inventory);
return 0;
}
希望它有所帮助。
答案 1 :(得分:-1)
问题是product
是指向指针的指针,因此如果您打算只在product
下使用Inventory
数组,则必须使用->
表示法而不是.
的{{1}}符号。 (参见下面的示例1 )但是,如果您打算在您分配的每个price
下实际嵌套一个struct Product
数组(即pointer-to-Product
),请参阅< strong>示例2 :
注意:每次分配后,您必须检查subproducts
的返回,以确保分配成功。 (为简洁起见,在示例1 中省略,在示例2 中完整显示)
示例1
malloc
<强>输出强>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct {
int price;
} Product;
typedef struct {
Product **product;
int id;
} Inventory;
int main () {
int i, j;
int n1 = 2, n2 = 3;
/* allocated / initiaize Inventory and Product */
Inventory *inventory = malloc (n1 * sizeof *inventory);
for (i = 0; i < n1; i++)
{
inventory[i].id = i;
inventory[i].product = malloc (n2 * sizeof *inventory[i].product);
for (j = 0; j < n2; j++)
{
inventory[i].product[j] = malloc (sizeof *inventory[i].product[j]);
inventory[i].product[j]->price = (j + 1) * 2;
}
}
/* print the inventory / procduct price */
for (i = 0; i < n1; i++)
{
printf ("\n product id : %d\n", inventory[i].id);
for (j = 0; j < n2; j++)
{
printf (" price : %d\n", inventory[i].product[j]->price);
}
}
/* free all memory */
for (i = 0; i < n1; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < n2; j++)
free (inventory[i].product[j]);
free (inventory[i].product);
}
free (inventory);
return 0;
}
内存使用错误检查
$ ./bin/allocate_ptr_in_struct
product id : 0
price : 2
price : 4
price : 6
product id : 1
price : 2
price : 4
price : 6
示例2
根据您打算在$ valgrind ./bin/allocate_ptr_in_struct
==10167== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==10167== Copyright (C) 2002-2012, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==10167== Using Valgrind-3.8.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==10167== Command: ./bin/allocate_ptr_in_struct
==10167==
product id : 0
price : 2
price : 4
price : 6
product id : 1
price : 2
price : 4
price : 6
==10167==
==10167== HEAP SUMMARY:
==10167== in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==10167== total heap usage: 9 allocs, 9 frees, 104 bytes allocated
==10167==
==10167== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==10167==
==10167== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==10167== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 2 from 2)
下分配嵌套结构的注释,更改很简单:
**product
<强>输出强>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct {
int price;
} Product;
typedef struct {
Product **product;
int id;
} Inventory;
int main () {
int i, j, k;
int n1 = 2, n2 = 3, n3 = 2;
/* allocated / initiaize Inventory and Product */
Inventory *inventory = malloc (n1 * sizeof *inventory);
if (!inventory) {
fprintf (stderr, "error: virtual memory exhausted.\n");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (i = 0; i < n1; i++)
{
inventory[i].id = i;
if (!(inventory[i].product = malloc (n2 * sizeof *inventory[i].product))) {
fprintf (stderr, "error: virtual memory exhausted.\n");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (j = 0; j < n2; j++)
{
if (!(inventory[i].product[j] = malloc (n3 * sizeof *inventory[i].product[j]))) {
fprintf (stderr, "error: virtual memory exhausted.\n");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (k = 0; k < n3; k++)
inventory[i].product[j][k].price = (j + 1) * 2 * (k + 1);
}
}
/* print the inventory / procduct price */
for (i = 0; i < n1; i++)
{
printf ("\n Inventory id : %d\n", inventory[i].id);
for (j = 0; j < n2; j++)
{
printf ("\n Product[%d]\n", j);
for (k = 0; k < n3; k++)
printf (" subproduct[%d][%d] price : %d\n",
j, k, inventory[i].product[j][k].price);
}
}
/* free all memory */
for (i = 0; i < n1; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < n2; j++)
free (inventory[i].product[j]);
free (inventory[i].product);
}
free (inventory);
return 0;
}
内存使用错误检查
$ ./bin/allocate_ptr_in_struct
Inventory id : 0
Product[0]
subproduct[0][0] price : 2
subproduct[0][1] price : 4
Product[1]
subproduct[1][0] price : 4
subproduct[1][1] price : 8
Product[2]
subproduct[2][0] price : 6
subproduct[2][1] price : 12
Inventory id : 1
Product[0]
subproduct[0][0] price : 2
subproduct[0][1] price : 4
Product[1]
subproduct[1][0] price : 4
subproduct[1][1] price : 8
Product[2]
subproduct[2][0] price : 6
subproduct[2][1] price : 12