让我说我有我的经典之作:
public abstract class Mammal {
private int numLegs;
private String voice;
private Coat coat;
public abstract void eat();
public abstract void speak();
public abstract void sleep();
private abstract void ingestFood(Food f); //The abstract method ingestFood in type Mammal can only set a visibility modifier, one of public or protected
}
通过以下具体实施:
public class Dog extends Mammal {
private int numLegs = 4;
private String voice = "Woof!";
private Coat coat = new Coat(COATTYPE.FUR, COATCOLOR.BROWN);
@Override
public void eat()
{
Rabbit r = chaseRabbits();
if (r != null) ingest(r);
else {
Garbage g = raidBin();
if (g!= null) ingest(g);
}
}
@Override
private void ingest(Food f)
{
gobbleItAllUpInFiveSeconds(f);
stillFeelHungry();
}
}
public class Human extends Mammal {
private int numLegs = 2;
private String voice = "Howdy!!";
private Coat coat = new Coat(COATTYPE.SKIN, COATCOLOR.PINK);
@Override
public void eat()
{
Food f = gotoSuperMarket();
ingest(f);
}
@Override
private void ingest(Food f)
{
burp();
}
}
现在,我想在Mammal
类中使用一个可被所有哺乳动物实例调用的方法,例如
public String describe() {
return "This mammal has " + this.numLegs + "legs, a " + this.coat.getColor() + " " this.coat.getCoatType() + " and says " + this.voice;
}
我的问题是,通过使Mammal
类不抽象,是否有可能自己制造哺乳动物? E.g。
Mammal me = new Mammal();
你不应该这样做。
但是,我确实想要一些由所有子类调用的父类实现的公共方法,但每个方法都调用它们自己的私有方法。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
您可以完全在抽象类中实现方法:
“抽象类与接口类似。您无法实例化它们,它们可能包含使用或不使用实现声明的方法组合。”
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/abstract.html
答案 1 :(得分:2)
回答标题中的问题(" 为什么我没有私人抽象方法?"):
您不能使用private abstract
方法,因为需要在子类中实现abstract
方法。但是private
方法在子类中不可见。
(如果你想拥有一个只在子类中可见而不是公开的方法,那么你需要制作方法protected
)
所以你无法实现private abstract
方法。这就是为什么Java不允许它们 - 它们没有意义。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
如果您希望它们在子类上的行为方式不同,则将未实现的方法声明为抽象方法,并且要继承的方法将它们保留为普通方法。也可以使用protected而不是private来访问继承的类:
public abstract class Mammal
{
protected int numLegs;
protected String voice;
protected Coat coat;
abstract void eat();
abstract void speak();
abstract void sleep();
public String describe()
{
return "This mammal has " + this.numLegs + "legs, a "
+ this.coat.getColor() + " " this.coat.getCoatType() + " and says " + this.voice;
}
}
使用构造函数初始化变量并实现抽象方法:
public class Dog extends Mammal
{
public Dog(){
this.numLegs = 4;
this.voice = "Woof!";
this.coat = new Coat(COATTYPE.FUR, COATCOLOR.BROWN);
}
void eat(){
System.out.println("eating like a dog");
}
void speak(){
System.out.println("speaking like a dog");
}
void sleep(){
System.out.println("sleeping like a dog");
}
}
public class Human extends Mammal
{
public Human(){
this.numLegs = 2;
this.voice = "Howdy!!";
this.coat = new Coat(COATTYPE.SKIN, COATCOLOR.PINK);
}
void eat(){
System.out.println("eating like a human");
}
void speak(){
System.out.println("speaking like a human");
}
void sleep(){
System.out.println("sleeping like a human");
}
}