我对我声明类的实例的方式有疑问。 我有两个类，即宇宙学和 NFWHalo 。我需要在另一个中使用 cosmology 类中的一些方法。
cdef extern from "gsl/gsl_math.h":
ctypedef struct gsl_function:
double (* function) (double x, void * params)
void * params
cdef extern from "gsl/gsl_integration.h":
ctypedef struct gsl_integration_workspace
gsl_integration_workspace * gsl_integration_workspace_alloc(size_t n)
void gsl_integration_workspace_free(gsl_integration_workspace * w)
int gsl_integration_qags(const gsl_function * f, double a, double b, double epsabs, double epsrel, size_t limit, gsl_integration_workspace * workspace, double *result, double *abserr)
cdef double func_callback(double x, void* params):
return (<cosmology>params).__angKernel(x)
std_G=4.3e-9 # Newton's const in Mpc (km/s)^2 M_sol^{-1}
v_c = 299792.458 #km/s
cdef class cosmology(object):
cdef public:
double omega_m
double omega_l
double omega_r
double omega_c
double h
double w
double G
double v_c
def __init__(self, omega_m = 0.3, omega_l = 0.7, h = 0.7, w = -1, omega_r = 0., G = std_G):
self.omega_m = omega_m
self.omega_l = omega_l
self.omega_r = omega_r
self.omega_c = (1. - omega_m - omega_l)
self.h = h
self.w = w
self.G = G
self.v_c = v_c
def __copy__(self):
return cosmology(omega_m = self.omega_m, omega_l = self.omega_l, h = self.h, w = self.w, omega_r = self.omega_r, G = self.G)
cpdef double a(self, double z):
return 1./(1.+z)
cpdef double E(self, double a):
return (self.omega_r*a**(-4) + self.omega_m*a**(-3) + self.omega_c*a**(-2) + self.omega_l)**0.5
@cython.boundscheck(False)
@cython.wraparound(False)
@cython.nonecheck(False)
cdef double __angKernel(self, double x):
return self.E(x**-1)**-1
cpdef double Da(self, double z, double z_ref=0):
if z < 0:
raise ValueError("Redshift z must not be negative")
if z < z_ref:
raise ValueError("Redshift z must not be smaller than the reference redshift")
cdef gsl_integration_workspace* w =gsl_integration_workspace_alloc(1000)
cdef gsl_function F
F.function = &func_callback
F.params = <void*>self
cdef double result = 3, error = 5
cdef double d, err, rk
gsl_integration_qags(&F, z_ref+1, z+1, 0, 1e-7, 1000, w, &result, &error)
d, err = result, error
# check for curvature
rk = (fabs(self.omega_c))**0.5
if (rk*d > 0.01):
if self.omega_c > 0:
d = sinh(rk*d)/rk
if self.omega_c < 0:
d = sin(rk*d)/rk
gsl_integration_workspace_free(w)
return d/(1.+z)
NFWHalo类
cdef class NFWHalo(cosmology):
cdef object cosmo
cdef public double M, c, z
cdef public double rs, rs_arcsec
cdef int SIZE
cdef double[::1] ks,zs, halo_pos
cdef char* path
@cython.boundscheck(False)
@cython.cdivision(True)
@cython.wraparound(False)
@cython.nonecheck(False)
def __cinit__(self, M, c, z, halo_pos, filename=None, zs=None, cosmo = None, omega_m=None, omega_l=None, h=None):
if omega_m is None:
omega_m=0.3
if omega_l is None:
omega_l=1-omega_m
if h is None:
h=1.
if cosmo is None:
self.cosmo = cosmology(omega_m=omega_m, omega_l=omega_l, h=h)
else:
self.cosmo = copy.copy(cosmo)
print "dimensionless Hubble constant: ", self.cosmo.h
print "Omega Lambda:", self.cosmo.omega_l
print "Omega Matter: ", self.cosmo.omega_m
if filename is None:
raise ValueError("Could not find a path to the file which contains the table of angular diameter distances")
self.M = M
self.c = c
self.z = z
self.halo_pos = halo_pos
self.path=filename
if zs is None:
raise ValueError("You must give an array which contains the steps where the redshift probability distribution are computed!")
self.zs=zs
# calculate scale radius
cdef double a = self.cosmo.a(self.z)
cdef double R200 = 1.63e-5/(1+self.z) * (self.M * self.__omega(a)/self.__omega(1))**0.3333 # in Mpc/h
self.rs = R200/self.c
cdef double dl= self.cosmo.Da(self.z)*3000 #in Mpc/h
cdef double scale = self.rs / dl
cdef double arcsec2rad = 1./206265
self.rs_arcsec = scale/arcsec2rad
print self.rs_arcsec
def __repr__(self):
c = self.__class__.__name__
return "%s(angular diameter distances info at %s)" % (c, self.path)
cpdef double __omega(self, double a):
return self.cosmo.omega_m/(self.cosmo.E(a)**2 * a**3)
cpdef double __ks(self, double z_s):
"""Lensing strength of halo as function of source redshift.
"""
cdef double rho_c,Sigma_c, d0, a, ez, rho_s
# critical density and surface density
rho_c = 2.7722e11
Sigma_c = 5.5444e14
a = self.cosmo.a(self.z)
ez = self.cosmo.E(a)
d0 = 200./3 * self.c**3/(log(1+self.c) - (1.*self.c)/(1+self.c))
rho_s = rho_c * ez**2 *d0
cdef double dl, k_s
dl = self.cosmo.Da(z_s, self.z) * self.cosmo.Da(self.z) / self.cosmo.Da(z_s)
k_s = dl * self.rs * rho_s / Sigma_c
return k_s
@cython.cdivision(True)
@cython.boundscheck(False)
@cython.wraparound(False)
cdef void get_ks(self):
cdef FILE* handle
cdef Py_ssize_t i, nz
nz = len(self.zs)
# allocate number * sizeof(double) bytes of memory
cdef double[::1] array = np.empty((nz,))
if not hasattr(self, 'ks'): # does self.ks not exist?
try:
## first, check for existing file, see if we can load in self.ks
handle = fopen(self.path, "r")
if handle == NULL:
raise ValueError("cannot open file {}".format(self.path))
for i in range(nz-1,-1,-1):
fscanf(handle,"%f", &array[i])
fclose(handle)
self.ks= array
except IOError:
self.ks = self.calculate_ks()
cdef double[::1] calculate_ks(self):
cdef Py_ssize_t i, nz
nz = len(self.zs)
cdef double[::1] k_s = np.empty((nz,))
for i from nz > i >= 0:
k_s[i]= self.__ks(self.zs[i])
#write the calculated k_s in a file
cdef FILE* handle=<FILE *>fopen(self.path,"wb")
fwrite(<void*>&k_s[0], sizeof(double), nz, handle)
fclose(handle)
return k_s
我当前的代码被编译但是当我在python中import并尝试使用它时，它会引发以下错误消息：
的更新
import numpy as np
import WLUtilities
M=4.7779e14
c=3.57
halo_z=0.2577079
halo_pos=np.array([1274.252,1439.9])
path='output.cat'
omega_m=0.3
omega_l=1-omega_m
shear_z=np.array([ 0.0e+00, 1.0e-03, 2.0e-03])
nfw = WLUtilities.NFWHalo(M, c, halo_z, halo_pos, path, shear_z, omega_m, omega_l)
File "WLUtilities.pyx", line 286, in WLUtilities.NFWHalo.__cinit__ (WLUtilities.c:6406)
print "dimensionless Hubble constant: ", self.cosmo.h
AttributeError: 'float' object has no attribute 'h'
我不相信我已经正确地声明了我班级的实例变量。我想知道如何在None方法中使用__cinit__，而在我声明实例时它不会引发错误消息？有什么建议??
答案 0 :(得分：3)
你传递的是omega_m，它是一个浮点数，作为一个参数，并在你的函数中处理它，因为它是一个宇宙学对象。 这就是为什么会出现这个错误。
您可能想要添加
self.cosmo = cosmology(omega_m=omega_m, omega_l=omega_l, h=h)
或类似的东西，在if语句中。
EDIT。 让我试着更好地解释一下
创建NFWHalo对象时，请调用
nfw = WLUtilities.NFWHalo(M, c, halo_z, halo_pos, path, shear_z, omega_m, omega_l)
请注意，您的参数与定义中的参数不匹配，即：
def __cinit__(self, M, c, z, halo_pos, filename=None, zs=None, cosmo = None, omega_m=None, omega_l=None, h=None)
你可能想改变这一行
nfw = WLUtilities.NFWHalo(M, c, halo_z, halo_pos, path, shear_z, omega_m, omega_l)
到这个
nfw = WLUtilities.NFWHalo(M, c, halo_z, halo_pos, path, shear_z, None, omega_m, omega_l)
您对一些参数和相应的默认值感到困惑。
再次编辑
为了减少您对此的困惑，并且因为有很多参数，为什么不明确传递参数？ 就像这样：
nfw = WLUtilities.NFWHalo(M=M, c=c, z=halo_z, halo_pos = halo_pos, filename = path, zs=shear_z, omega_m = omega_m, omega_l = omega_l)