只读数据描述符是定义__get__
和__set__
的描述符,但__set__
在调用时会引发AttributeError
。
一个例子是一个简单的只读属性:
class Test():
_i = 1
@property
def i(self):
return self._i
assert hasattr(Test.i, '__get__')
assert hasattr(Test.i, '__set__')
t = Test()
t.i # 1
t.i = 2 # ERROR
如果我有一个类的实例,我可以通过这种方式确定实例属性是否是只读数据描述符(虽然我根本不喜欢这样):
def is_ro_data_descriptor_from_instance(instance, attr):
temp = getattr(instance, attr)
try:
setattr(instance, attr, None)
except AttributeError:
return True
else:
setattr(instance, attr, temp)
return False
如果我知道该类不需要实例化任何参数,我可以确定它的class属性是否是与上面类似的只读数据描述符:
def is_ro_data_descriptor_from_klass(klass, attr):
try:
setattr(klass(), attr, None)
except AttributeError:
return True
else:
return False
但是,如果我提前不知道该类的签名,并且我尝试以这种方式实例化一个临时对象,我可能会收到错误:
class MyClass():
i = 1
def __init__(self, a, b, c):
'''a, b, and c are required!'''
pass
def is_ro_data_descriptor_from_klass(MyClass, 'i') # Error
如何确定类属性是否为只读数据描述符?
编辑:添加更多信息。
以下是我正在尝试的代码:
class StaticVarsMeta(type):
'''A metaclass that will emulate the "static variable" behavior of
other languages. For example:
class Test(metaclass = StaticVarsMeta):
_i = 1
@property
def i(self):
return self._i
t = Test()
assert t.i == Test.i'''
statics = {}
def __new__(meta, name, bases, dct):
klass = super().__new__(meta, name, bases, dct)
meta.statics[klass] = {}
for key, value in dct.items():
if "_" + key in dct:
meta.statics[klass][key] = set()
if hasattr(value, '__get__'):
meta.statics[klass][key].add('__get__')
if hasattr(value, '__set__'):
try:
value.__set__(None, None)
except AttributeError:
continue
else:
meta.statics[klass][key].add('__set__')
return klass
def __getattribute__(klass, attr):
if attr not in StaticVarsMeta.statics[klass]:
return super().__getattribute__(attr)
elif '__get__' not in StaticVarsMeta.statics[klass][attr]:
return super().__getattribute__(attr)
else:
return getattr(klass, '_' + attr)
def __setattr__(klass, attr, value):
if attr not in StaticVarsMeta.statics[klass]:
super().__setattr__(attr, value)
elif '__set__' not in StaticVarsMeta.statics[klass][attr]:
super().__setattr__(attr, value)
else:
setattr(klass, '_' + attr, value)
class Test(metaclass = StaticVarsMeta):
_i = 1
def get_i(self):
return self._i
i = property(get_i)
请注意以下事项:
type(Test.i) # int
type(Test.__dict__['i']) # property
Test().i = 2 # ERROR, as expected
Test.i = 2 # NO ERROR - should produce an error
答案 0 :(得分:3)
这看起来很尴尬,但是根据我的评论,你可以在这里实现它:
class StaticVarsMeta(type):
statics = {}
def __new__(meta, name, bases, dct):
cls = super().__new__(meta, name, bases, dct)
meta.statics[cls] = {}
for key, val in dct.items():
if hasattr(val, '__get__') and hasattr(val, '__set__'):
meta.statics[cls][key] = {'__get__'}
try:
val.__set__(None, None)
except AttributeError as err:
if "can't set attribute" in err.args:
continue
meta.statics[cls][key].add('__set__')
return cls
使用中:
>>> class ReadOnly(metaclass=StaticVarsMeta):
@property
def foo(self):
return None
>>> class ReadWrite(metaclass=StaticVarsMeta):
@property
def bar(self):
return None
@bar.setter
def bar(self, val):
pass
>>> StaticVarsMeta.statics
{<class '__main__.ReadOnly'>: {'foo': {'__get__'}},
<class '__main__.ReadWrite'>: {'bar': {'__get__', '__set__'}}}
这更像是“10 for 的首发,必须有更好的方法来实现它...
答案 1 :(得分:2)
通过尝试分配已有的值,您的第一个解决方案可以变得更简单,更健壮。这样,不需要撤消(仍然,这不是线程安全的)。
def is_ro_data_descriptor_from_instance(instance, attr):
temp = getattr(instance, attr)
try:
setattr(instance, attr, temp)
except AttributeError:
return True
else:
return False