在C ++中解析它的最好方法是什么?

时间:2010-06-02 14:40:43

标签: c++ c parsing boost stl

在我的程序中,我有一个“服务器地址”列表,格式如下:

host[:port]

此处的括号表示port是可选的。

  • host可以是主机名,IPv4或IPv6地址(可能采用“括号括起”表示法。)
  • port,如果存在,可以是数字端口号或服务字符串(如:“http”或“ssh”)。

如果port存在且host是IPv6地址,则host 必须采用“括号括起”表示法(示例:{{1} })

以下是一些有效的例子:

[::1]

一个无效的例子:

localhost
localhost:11211
127.0.0.1:http
[::1]:11211
::1
[::1]

我的目标是将这些条目分为两部分(显然是::1:80 // Invalid: Is this the IPv6 address ::1:80 and a default port, or the IPv6 address ::1 and the port 80 ? ::1:http // This is not ambigous, but for simplicity sake, let's consider this is forbidden as well. host)。我不在乎porthost是否无效,只要它们不包含非括号内的port:可以{ {1}},它将在下一个过程中被拒绝);我只想将这两部分分开,或者如果没有290.234.34.34.5部分,则以某种方式知道

我试图用host做点什么,但我所遇到的一切看起来都很糟糕而且不是很优雅。

您将如何在port中执行此操作?

我不介意std::stringstream中的答案,但C++是首选。任何C解决方案也是受欢迎的。

谢谢。

7 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:9)

你看过boost::spirit了吗?但是,对你的任务来说可能有些过分。

答案 1 :(得分:5)

这是一个简单的类,它使用boost :: xpressive来验证IP地址的类型,然后你可以解析其余部分来获得结果。

用法:

const std::string ip_address_str = "127.0.0.1:3282";
IpAddress ip_address = IpAddress::Parse(ip_address_str);
std::cout<<"Input String: "<<ip_address_str<<std::endl;
std::cout<<"Address Type: "<<IpAddress::TypeToString(ip_address.getType())<<std::endl;
if (ip_address.getType() != IpAddress::Unknown)
{
    std::cout<<"Host Address: "<<ip_address.getHostAddress()<<std::endl;
    if (ip_address.getPortNumber() != 0)
    {
        std::cout<<"Port Number: "<<ip_address.getPortNumber()<<std::endl;
    }
}

类的头文件IpAddress.h

#pragma once
#ifndef __IpAddress_H__
#define __IpAddress_H__


#include <string>

class IpAddress
{
public:
    enum Type
    {
        Unknown,
        IpV4,
        IpV6
    };
    ~IpAddress(void);

    /**
     * \brief   Gets the host address part of the IP address.
     * \author  Abi
     * \date    02/06/2010
     * \return  The host address part of the IP address.
    **/
    const std::string& getHostAddress() const;

    /**
     * \brief   Gets the port number part of the address if any.
     * \author  Abi
     * \date    02/06/2010
     * \return  The port number.
    **/
    unsigned short getPortNumber() const;

    /**
     * \brief   Gets the type of the IP address.
     * \author  Abi
     * \date    02/06/2010
     * \return  The type.
    **/
    IpAddress::Type getType() const;

    /**
     * \fn  static IpAddress Parse(const std::string& ip_address_str)
     *
     * \brief   Parses a given string to an IP address.
     * \author  Abi
     * \date    02/06/2010
     * \param   ip_address_str  The ip address string to be parsed.
     * \return  Returns the parsed IP address. If the IP address is
     *          invalid then the IpAddress instance returned will have its
     *          type set to IpAddress::Unknown
    **/
    static IpAddress Parse(const std::string& ip_address_str);

    /**
     * \brief   Converts the given type to string.
     * \author  Abi
     * \date    02/06/2010
     * \param   address_type    Type of the address to be converted to string.
     * \return  String form of the given address type.
    **/
    static std::string TypeToString(IpAddress::Type address_type);
private:
    IpAddress(void);

    Type m_type;
    std::string m_hostAddress;
    unsigned short m_portNumber;
};

#endif // __IpAddress_H__

该类的源文件,IpAddress.cpp

#include "IpAddress.h"
#include <boost/xpressive/xpressive.hpp>

namespace bxp = boost::xpressive;

static const std::string RegExIpV4_IpFormatHost = "^[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]+(\\:[0-9]{1,5})?$";
static const std::string RegExIpV4_StringHost = "^[A-Za-z0-9]+(\\:[0-9]+)?$";

IpAddress::IpAddress(void)
:m_type(Unknown)
,m_portNumber(0)
{
}

IpAddress::~IpAddress(void)
{
}

IpAddress IpAddress::Parse( const std::string& ip_address_str )
{
    IpAddress ipaddress;
    bxp::sregex ip_regex = bxp::sregex::compile(RegExIpV4_IpFormatHost);
    bxp::sregex str_regex = bxp::sregex::compile(RegExIpV4_StringHost);
    bxp::smatch match;
    if (bxp::regex_match(ip_address_str, match, ip_regex) || bxp::regex_match(ip_address_str, match, str_regex))
    {
        ipaddress.m_type = IpV4;
        // Anything before the last ':' (if any) is the host address
        std::string::size_type colon_index = ip_address_str.find_last_of(':');
        if (std::string::npos == colon_index)
        {
            ipaddress.m_portNumber = 0;
            ipaddress.m_hostAddress = ip_address_str;
        }else{
            ipaddress.m_hostAddress = ip_address_str.substr(0, colon_index);
            ipaddress.m_portNumber = atoi(ip_address_str.substr(colon_index+1).c_str());
        }
    }
    return ipaddress;
}

std::string IpAddress::TypeToString( Type address_type )
{
    std::string result = "Unknown";
    switch(address_type)
    {
    case IpV4:
        result = "IP Address Version 4";
        break;
    case IpV6:
        result = "IP Address Version 6";
        break;
    }
    return result;
}

const std::string& IpAddress::getHostAddress() const
{
    return m_hostAddress;
}

unsigned short IpAddress::getPortNumber() const
{
    return m_portNumber;
}

IpAddress::Type IpAddress::getType() const
{
    return m_type;
}

我只设置了IPv4的规则,因为我不知道IPv6的正确格式。但我很确定实现它并不难。 Boost Xpressive只是一个基于模板的解决方案,因此不需要将任何.lib文件编译到你的exe中,我认为这是一个加号。

顺便说一下,简单地打破正则表达式的格式...... ^ =字符串的开头
$ =字符串结束
[] =一组可以出现的字母或数字 [0-9] = 0到9之间的任何单位数字 [0-9] + = 0到9之间的一个或多个数字
'。'对正则表达式有特殊意义,但由于我们的格式在ip-address格式中有1个点,我们需要指定我们想要一个'。'使用'\。'在数字之间。但由于C ++需要'\'的转义序列,我们必须使用“\\。” =可选组件

因此,简而言之,“^ [0-9] + $”代表一个正则表达式,对于整数是正确的。
“^ [0-9] + \。$”表示以“。”结尾的整数 “^ [0-9] + \。[0-9]?$”是以“。”结尾的整数。或小数 对于整数或实数,正则表达式将是“^ [0-9] +(\。[0-9] *)?$”
RegEx是2到3个数字之间的整数“^ [0-9] {2,3} $”

现在分解ip地址的格式:

"^[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]+(\\:[0-9]{1,5})?$"

这与以下内容同义:“^ [0-9] {1,3} \。[0-9] {1,3} \。[0-9] {1,3} \。[0-9 ] +(\:[0-9] {1,5})?$“,表示:

[start of string][1-3 digits].[1-3 digits].[1-3 digits].[1-3 digits]<:[1-5 digits]>[end of string]
Where, [] are mandatory and <> are optional

第二个RegEx比这更简单。它只是一个字母数字值后跟一个可选的冒号和端口号的组合
顺便说一下,如果您想测试RegEx,可以使用this site
修改:我没注意到您可选择使用http而不是端口号。为此,您可以将表达式更改为:

"^[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]+(\\:([0-9]{1,5}|http|ftp|smtp))?$"

这接受如下格式:
127.0.0.1
127.0.0.1:3282
127.0.0.1:http
217.0.0.1:ftp
18.123.2.1:smtp

答案 2 :(得分:4)

我参加聚会迟到了,但我正在谷歌上搜索如何做到这一点。 Spirit 和 C++ 成长了很多,所以让我补充一下 2021 年的情况:

Live On Compiler Explorer

#include <fmt/ranges.h>
#include <boost/spirit/home/x3.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/adapted/std_tuple.hpp>

auto parse_server_address(std::string_view address_spec,
                          std::string_view default_service = "https")
{
    using namespace boost::spirit::x3;
    auto service = ':' >> +~char_(":") >> eoi;
    auto host    = '[' >> *~char_(']') >> ']' // e.g. for IPV6
        | raw[*("::" | (char_ - service))];

    std::tuple<std::string, std::string> result;
    parse(begin(address_spec), end(address_spec),
          expect[host >> (service | attr(default_service))], result);

    return result;
}

int main() {
    for (auto input : {
             "localhost",
             "localhost:11211",
             "127.0.0.1:http",
             "[::1]:11211",
             "::1", "[::1]",
             "::1:80", // Invalid: Is this the IPv6 address ::1:80 and a default
                       // port, or the IPv6 address ::1 and the port 80 ?
             "::1:http", // This is not ambigous, but for simplicity sake, let's
                         // consider this is forbidden as well.
         })
    {
        // auto [host, svc] = parse_server_address(input);
        fmt::print("'{}' -> {}\n", input, parse_server_address(input));
    }
}

打印

'localhost' -> ("localhost", "https")
'localhost:11211' -> ("localhost", "11211")
'127.0.0.1:http' -> ("127.0.0.1", "http")
'[::1]:11211' -> ("::1", "11211")
'::1' -> ("::1", "https")
'[::1]' -> ("::1", "https")
'::1:80' -> ("::1", "80")
'::1:http' -> ("::1", "http")

奖金

验证/解析地址。解析是 100% 不变的,只是使用 Asio 来解析结果,同时验证它们:

#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using boost::asio::ip::tcp;
using boost::asio::system_executor;
using boost::system::error_code;

int main() {
    tcp::resolver r(system_executor{});
    error_code    ec;

    for (auto input : {
             "localhost",
             "localhost:11211",
             "127.0.0.1:http",
             "[::1]:11211",
             "::1", "[::1]",
             "::1:80", // Invalid: Is this the IPv6 address ::1:80 and a default
                       // port, or the IPv6 address ::1 and the port 80 ?
             "::1:http", // This is not ambigous, but for simplicity sake, let's
                         // consider this is forbidden as well.
             "stackexchange.com",
             "unknown-host.xyz",
         })
    {
        auto [host, svc] = parse_server_address(input);

        for (auto&& endpoint : r.resolve({host, svc}, ec)) {
            std::cout << input << " -> " << endpoint.endpoint() << "\n";
        }

        if (ec.failed()) {
            std::cout << input << " -> unresolved: " << ec.message() << "\n";
        }
    }
}

打印(有限网络Live On Wandbox和Coliruhttp://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/a/497d8091b40c9f2d

localhost -> 127.0.0.1:443
localhost:11211 -> 127.0.0.1:11211
127.0.0.1:http -> 127.0.0.1:80
[::1]:11211 -> [::1]:11211
::1 -> [::1]:443
[::1] -> [::1]:443
::1:80 -> [::1]:80
::1:http -> [::1]:80
stackexchange.com -> 151.101.129.69:443
stackexchange.com -> 151.101.1.69:443
stackexchange.com -> 151.101.65.69:443
stackexchange.com -> 151.101.193.69:443
unknown-host.xyz -> unresolved: Host not found (authoritative)

答案 3 :(得分:3)

std::string host, port;
std::string example("[::1]:22");

if (example[0] == '[')
{
    std::string::iterator splitEnd =
        std::find(example.begin() + 1, example.end(), ']');
    host.assign(example.begin(), splitEnd);
    if (splitEnd != example.end()) splitEnd++;
    if (splitEnd != example.end() && *splitEnd == ':')
        port.assign(splitEnd, example.end());
}
else
{
    std::string::iterator splitPoint =
        std::find(example.rbegin(), example.rend(), ':').base();
    if (splitPoint == example.begin())
        host = example;
    else
    {
        host.assign(example.begin(), splitPoint);
        port.assign(splitPoint, example.end());
    }
}

答案 4 :(得分:0)

如上所述,Boost.Spirit.Qi可以解决这个问题。

如上所述,它真的有点过分了。

const std::string line = /**/;

if (line.empty()) return;

std::string host, port;

if (line[0] == '[')           // IP V6 detected
{
  const size_t pos = line.find(']');
  if (pos == std::string::npos) return;  // Error handling ?
  host = line.substr(1, pos-1);
  port = line.substr(pos+2);
}
else if (std::count(line.begin(), line.end(), ':') > 1) // IP V6 without port
{
  host = line;
}
else                          // IP V4
{
  const size_t pos = line.find(':');
  host = line.substr(0, pos);
  if (pos != std::string::npos)
    port = line.substr(pos+1);
}

我真的不认为这需要一个解析库,因为:的使用过载,它可能无法提高可读性。

现在我的解决方案当然不是完美的,例如可以想知道它的效率......但我认为这已经足够了,至少你不会失去下一个维护者,因为根据经验,Qi表达式可以是清楚!

答案 5 :(得分:0)

#pragma once
#ifndef ENDPOINT_HPP
#define ENDPOINT_HPP

#include <string>

using std::string;

struct Endpoint {
  string
    Host,
    Port;
  enum : char {
    V4,
    V6
  } Type = V4;
  __inline Endpoint(const string& text) {
    bind(text);
  }
private:
  void __fastcall bind(const string& text) {
    if (text.empty())
      return;
    auto host { text };
    string::size_type bias = 0;
    constexpr auto NONE = string::npos;
    while (true) {
      bias = host.find_first_of(" \n\r\t", bias);
      if (bias == NONE)
        break;
      host.erase(bias, 1);
    }
    if (host.empty())
      return;
    auto port { host };
    bias = host.find(']');
    if (bias != NONE) {
      host.erase(bias);
      const auto skip = text.find('[');
      if (skip == NONE)
        return;
      host.erase(0, skip + 1);
      Type = V6;
      ++bias;
    }
    else {
      bias = host.find(':');
      if (bias == NONE)
        port.clear();
      else {
        const auto next = bias + 1;
        if (host.length() == next)
          return;
        if (host[next] == ':') {
          port.clear();
          Type = V6;
        }
        else if (! bias)
          host.clear();
        else
          host.erase(bias);
      }
    }
    if (! port.empty())
      Port = port.erase(0, bias + 1);
    if (! host.empty())
      Host = host;
  }
};

#endif // ENDPOINT_HPP

答案 6 :(得分:-3)

如果您通过字符串或C ++中的字符数组获取端口和主机;你可以得到字符串的长度。执行for循环直到字符串结束,直到找到单个冒号本身并将该字符串拆分为该位置的两个部分。

for (int i=0; i<string.length; i++) {
     if (string[i] == ':') {
          if (string[i+1] != ':') {
               if (i > 0) {
                    if (string[i-1] != ':') {
                         splitpoint = i;
}    }    }    }    }

只是一个有点深刻的建议,我确信有一种更有效的方式,但希望这会有所帮助, 大风