使用子进程运行bash命令时,我可能会遇到命令无效的情况。在这种情况下,bash将返回错误消息。我们怎样才能抓住这条消息?我想将此消息保存到日志文件中。 以下是一个示例,我尝试在不存在的目录中列出文件。
try:
subprocess.check_call(["ls", "/home/non"])
df = subprocess.Popen(["ls", "/home/non"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
output, err = df.communicate()
# process outputs
except Exception as error:
print error
sys.exit(1)
Bash会打印" ls:无法访问/ home / non:没有这样的文件或目录"。我怎样才能收到此错误消息?除了行之外的错误明显不同,它说"命令' ls',' / home / non']'返回非零退出状态2"。
答案 0 :(得分:7)
" ls:无法访问/ home / non:ls
命令生成此类文件或目录" ,不 { {1}}在这里。
如果要使用异常处理来处理不存在的文件,请使用bash
:
subprocess.check_output()
#!/usr/bin/env python
from subprocess import check_output, STDOUT, CalledProcessError
try:
output = check_output(['ls', 'nonexistent'], stderr=STDOUT)
except CalledProcessError as exc:
print(exc.output)
else:
assert 0
答案 1 :(得分:5)
您可以将stderr重定向到文件对象:
from subprocess import PIPE, CalledProcessError, check_call, Popen
with open("log.txt", "w") as f:
try:
check_call(["ls", "/home/non"], stderr=f)
df = Popen(["ls", "/home/non"], stdout=PIPE)
output, err = df.communicate()
except CalledProcessError as e:
print(e)
exit(1)
输出到log.txt:
ls: cannot access /home/non: No such file or directory
如果您想要以下内容中的消息:
try:
check_call(["ls", "/home/non"])
df = Popen(["ls", "/home/non"], stdout=PIPE)
output, err = df.communicate()
except CalledProcessError as e:
print(e.message)
对于python 2.6,e.message
不会起作用。您可以使用与python 2.6一起使用的类似版本的python 2.7' check_output
:
from subprocess import PIPE, CalledProcessError, Popen
def check_output(*args, **kwargs):
process = Popen(stdout=PIPE, *args, **kwargs)
out, err = process.communicate()
ret = process.poll()
if ret:
cmd = kwargs.get("args")
if cmd is None:
cmd = args[0]
error = CalledProcessError(ret, cmd)
error.out = out
error.message = err
raise error
return out
try:
out = check_output(["ls", "/home"], stderr=PIPE)
df = Popen(["ls", "/home/non"], stdout=PIPE)
output, err = df.communicate()
except CalledProcessError as e:
print(e.message)
else:
print(out)