如何展开堆栈以获取指定堆栈指针(SP)的回溯?

时间:2015-04-10 10:39:36

标签: c++ linux android-ndk arm backtrace

我是为Android编写的(仅限ARM),但我相信通用Linux的原理也是如此。

我试图从信号处理程序中捕获堆栈跟踪,以便我可以在应用程序崩溃时记录它。这就是我使用<unwind.h>提出的建议 初始化:

struct sigaction signalhandlerDescriptor;
memset(&signalhandlerDescriptor, 0, sizeof(signalhandlerDescriptor));
signalhandlerDescriptor.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
signalhandlerDescriptor._u._sa_sigaction = signalHandler;
sigaction(SIGSEGV, &signalhandlerDescriptor, 0);

代码本身:

struct BacktraceState
{
    void** current;
    void** end;
    void* pc;
};

inline _Unwind_Reason_Code unwindCallback(struct _Unwind_Context* context, void* arg)
{
    BacktraceState* state = static_cast<BacktraceState*>(arg);
    state->pc = (void*)_Unwind_GetIP(context);
    if (state->pc)
    {
        if (state->current == state->end)
            return _URC_END_OF_STACK;
        else
            *state->current++ = reinterpret_cast<void*>(state->pc);
    }
    return _URC_NO_REASON;
}

inline size_t captureBacktrace(void** addrs, size_t max, unsigned long pc)
{
    BacktraceState state = {addrs, addrs + max, (void*)pc};
    _Unwind_Backtrace(unwindCallback, &state);
    personality_routine();

    return state.current - addrs;
}

inline void dumpBacktrace(std::ostream& os, void** addrs, size_t count)
{
    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < count; ++idx) {
        const void* addr = addrs[idx];
        const char* symbol = "";

        Dl_info info;
        if (dladdr(addr, &info) && info.dli_sname) {
            symbol = info.dli_sname;
        }

        int status = -3;
        char * demangledName = abi::__cxa_demangle(symbol, 0, 0, &status);
        os << "#" << idx << ": " << addr << "  " << (status == 0 ? demangledName : symbol) << "\n";
        free(demangledName);
    }
}

void signalHandler(int sig, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *uctx)
{
    ucontext * context = (ucontext*)uctx;
    unsigned long PC = context->uc_mcontext.arm_pc;
    unsigned long SP = context->uc_mcontext.arm_sp;

    Logger() << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "Fatal signal:" << sig;
    const size_t maxNumAddresses = 50;
    void* addresses[maxNumAddresses];
    std::ostringstream oss;

    const size_t actualNumAddresses = captureBacktrace(addresses, maxNumAddresses, PC);
    dumpBacktrace(oss, addresses, actualNumAddresses);
    Logger() << oss.str();
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

问题:如果我通过调用_Unwind_GetIP(context)中的unwindCallback来获取PC寄存器,我将获得信号处理程序堆栈的完整跟踪 。这是一个单独的堆栈,这显然不是我想要的。所以我尝试从信号处理程序中的ucontext提供PC,得到一个奇怪的结果:我得到一个堆栈条目,它是正确的条目 - 首先导致信号的函数。但它记录了两次(即使地址是相同的,所以它不是一个符号名称查找bug)。显然,这还不够好 - 我需要整个堆栈。而且我想知道这个结果是否只是偶然的(也就是说,它不应该起作用。

现在,我读到我还需要提供堆栈指针,我显然可以从ucontext获得,与PC相同。但我不知道如何处理它。我是否必须手动展开而不是使用_Unwind_Backtrace?如果是这样,你能给我样例代码吗?我一直在寻找一天中的大部分时间,但仍然找不到任何我可以复制并粘贴到我的项目中的内容。

对于它的价值,这里的libunwind来源包含_Unwind_Backtrace定义。如果我看到它的来源,我觉得我可以想出一些东西,但它比我预期的要复杂得多。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

首先,您需要阅读“异步信号安全”功能部分:

http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal.7.html

这是在信号处理程序中安全调用的整套函数。关于你可以做的最糟糕的事情就是调用任何调用malloc()/ free()的东西 - 或者自己动手。

其次,首先让它在信号处理程序之外工作。

第三,这些可能是适用的:

How to get C++ backtrace on Android

Android NDK: getting the backtrace

答案 1 :(得分:1)

为了获得导致SIGSEGV而不是信号处理程序的堆栈跟踪的代码的堆栈跟踪,您必须从ucontext_t获取ARM寄存器并使用它们进行展开。

_Unwind_Backtrace()很难做到。因此,如果您使用libc ++(LLVM STL),最好为32位ARM尝试预编译libunwind,与现代Android NDK捆绑在一起(sources/cxx-stl/llvm-libc++/libs/armeabi-v7a/libunwind.a)。这是一个示例代码。

// This method can only be used on 32-bit ARM with libc++ (LLVM STL).
// Android NDK r16b contains "libunwind.a" for armeabi-v7a ABI.
// This library is even silently linked in by the ndk-build,
// so we don't have to add it manually in "Android.mk".
// We can use this library, but we need matching headers,
// namely "libunwind.h" and "__libunwind_config.h".
// For NDK r16b, the headers can be fetched here:
// https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/libunwind_llvm/+/ndk-r16/include/
#if _LIBCPP_VERSION && __has_include("libunwind.h")
#include "libunwind.h"
#endif

struct BacktraceState {
    const ucontext_t*   signal_ucontext;
    size_t              address_count = 0;
    static const size_t address_count_max = 30;
    uintptr_t           addresses[address_count_max] = {};

    BacktraceState(const ucontext_t* ucontext) : signal_ucontext(ucontext) {}

    bool AddAddress(uintptr_t ip) {
        // No more space in the storage. Fail.
        if (address_count >= address_count_max)
            return false;

        // Reset the Thumb bit, if it is set.
        const uintptr_t thumb_bit = 1;
        ip &= ~thumb_bit;

        // Ignore null addresses.
        if (ip == 0)
            return true;

        // Finally add the address to the storage.
        addresses[address_count++] = ip;
        return true;
    }
};

void CaptureBacktraceUsingLibUnwind(BacktraceState* state) {
    assert(state);

    // Initialize unw_context and unw_cursor.
    unw_context_t unw_context = {};
    unw_getcontext(&unw_context);
    unw_cursor_t  unw_cursor = {};
    unw_init_local(&unw_cursor, &unw_context);

    // Get more contexts.
    const ucontext_t* signal_ucontext = state->signal_ucontext;
    assert(signal_ucontext);
    const sigcontext* signal_mcontext = &(signal_ucontext->uc_mcontext);
    assert(signal_mcontext);

    // Set registers.
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R0, signal_mcontext->arm_r0);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R1, signal_mcontext->arm_r1);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R2, signal_mcontext->arm_r2);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R3, signal_mcontext->arm_r3);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R4, signal_mcontext->arm_r4);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R5, signal_mcontext->arm_r5);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R6, signal_mcontext->arm_r6);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R7, signal_mcontext->arm_r7);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R8, signal_mcontext->arm_r8);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R9, signal_mcontext->arm_r9);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R10, signal_mcontext->arm_r10);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R11, signal_mcontext->arm_fp);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R12, signal_mcontext->arm_ip);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R13, signal_mcontext->arm_sp);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R14, signal_mcontext->arm_lr);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_ARM_R15, signal_mcontext->arm_pc);

    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_REG_IP, signal_mcontext->arm_pc);
    unw_set_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_REG_SP, signal_mcontext->arm_sp);

    // unw_step() does not return the first IP.
    state->AddAddress(signal_mcontext->arm_pc);

    // Unwind frames one by one, going up the frame stack.
    while (unw_step(&unw_cursor) > 0) {
        unw_word_t ip = 0;
        unw_get_reg(&unw_cursor, UNW_REG_IP, &ip);

        bool ok = state->AddAddress(ip);
        if (!ok)
            break;
    }
}

void SigActionHandler(int sig, siginfo_t* info, void* ucontext) {
    const ucontext_t* signal_ucontext = (const ucontext_t*)ucontext;
    assert(signal_ucontext);

    BacktraceState backtrace_state(signal_ucontext);
    CaptureBacktraceUsingLibUnwind(&backtrace_state);
    // Do something with the backtrace - print, save to file, etc.
}

我也建议我看一下这个包含更多代码和更多信息的答案:

https://stackoverflow.com/a/50027799/1016580

如果您使用libstdc ++(GNU STL),请使用Vasily Galkin的解决方案:

https://stackoverflow.com/a/30515756/1016580

,这与其他帖子的Dar Hoo解决方案相同:

https://stackoverflow.com/a/48593413/1016580

答案 2 :(得分:0)

作为在 arm-linux-eabihf 上工作的信号处理程序(例如从一个异常抛出)展开的一部分,我还从信号处理程序中获得了工作回溯。

我很确定这是 glibc 特定的,因此不能在 Android 上运行,但也许它可以被改编或对灵感有用:https://github.com/mvduin/arm-signal-unwind