首先，我正在使用Eclipse。所以，我正在构建一个框架，上面有多个面板，按钮和标签，我希望有另一种颜色而不是默认的白色。我尝试了几种解决方案，在StackOverflow上找到，如下所示：
这里和那里提出的解决方案都没有为我工作。现在是时候展示一些代码，以便了解我想做什么，以及是否可以这样做。
所以这是我的JFrame类，名为Body.java。由于我使用了很多类（扩展JPanel，比如15个左右），我评论了Body中您无法编译的所有代码。我刚刚在我的框架上留下了一个小类，我将在每个课程后应用解决方案。你当然可以问我更多课程！我运行了那段代码，一切正常（编译和执行完成）。我留下了所有内容，如果你有更多的课程，你可以编译这段代码。
请注意，由于我是法语，所有classe的名字都是法语，也有一些评论（但我翻译了所有必要的评论，以了解我在做什么，并且我添加了一些）。将展示的内容也将使用法语。
Simplicity.java：它是我的控制器，仅用于启动Frame
package controller;
import view.Body;
public class Simplicity {
public Simplicity() {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Body fen = new Body();
fen.setVisible(true);
}
}
这是框架的代码：
Body.java package view;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextPane;
/**
* @author David Rei
*
*/
/*
* This is a project in which we had to develop a UI for smartphones.
*/
public class Body extends JFrame{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
// initial size : width = 230, height = 390.
private static final int FRAME_WIDTH = 250;
private static final int FRAME_HEIGHT = 400;
// My fixed panels
private static JPanel niveauBase = new JPanel(); // Basic panel -> everything will go on it
private static JPanel infosReseauxHeure = new JPanel(); // Panel fixed
private JPanel panelChangeable = new JPanel(); // Scrolling panel
// up of page info
private static JTextPane infos = new JTextPane();
// Creation of the different pages (panels)
private Tutoriel tuto;
/*
private Accueil1 ac1;
private Accueil2 ac2;
private Medias1 med1;
private Multimedias1 multimed1;
private Outils1 out1;
private Outils2 out2;
private Jeux1 jeux1;
private Jeux2 jeux2;
private SocialInternet1 socInt1;
private SocialInternet2 socInt2;
private Appeler appeler;
private Urgences urgences;
private AppelEnCours appelEnCours;
private DemarrageApp demarrageApp;
private EnConstruction enConstruction;
*/
public Body() {
super();
buildFrame();
this.buildContentPane();
this.setContentPane(niveauBase);
}
public void buildFrame() {
this.setTitle("Simplicity");
this.setResizable(false);
this.setSize(FRAME_WIDTH, FRAME_HEIGHT);
this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.getContentPane().setBackground(new Color(255, 105, 86));
// toutes les dimensions sont en relatif par rapport à la taille de la JFrame. de fait, en changeant celle-ci, on peut adapter l'interface à différents écrans
// on met en place ce qui ne changera jamais d'un panel à l'autre --> les infos de base et le support
// support
niveauBase.setLayout(null);
// basic info
infosReseauxHeure.setBounds(0, 0, this.getWidth(), (int)(0.12*this.getHeight()));
infosReseauxHeure.setLayout(new GridLayout(0,1));
infosReseauxHeure.add(infos);
// adding the text
niveauBase.add(infosReseauxHeure);
// defining the limits of the changing Panel, bc they are always the same
panelChangeable.setLayout(null);
// My first try of changing the background
// panelChangeable.setBackground(new Color(255, 105, 86));
panelChangeable.setBounds(0, infosReseauxHeure.getHeight(), this.getWidth(), (int) (0.88*this.getHeight()));
niveauBase.add(panelChangeable);
// the basic frame, which will never change, is ready.
}
public void buildContentPane() {
// Instantiation of the pages
tuto = new Tutoriel(this);
/*
ac1 = new Accueil1(this);
ac2 = new Accueil2(this);
med1 = new Medias1(this);
multimed1 = new Multimedias1(this);
out1 = new Outils1(this);
out2 = new Outils2(this);
jeux1 = new Jeux1(this);
jeux2 = new Jeux2(this);
socInt1 = new SocialInternet1(this);
socInt2 = new SocialInternet2(this);
appeler = new Appeler(this);
urgences = new Urgences(this);
appelEnCours = new AppelEnCours(this);
demarrageApp = new DemarrageApp(this);
enConstruction = new EnConstruction(this);
*/
// Tutoriel is the first to be displayed
CaractsPanelChangeant(tuto);
panelChangeable.add(tuto);
// all the other panels have the same displaying characteristics
// navigating panels
/*
addPanels(ac1);
addPanels(ac2);
addPanels(med1);
addPanels(multimed1);
addPanels(out1);
addPanels(out2);
addPanels(jeux1);
addPanels(jeux2);
addPanels(socInt1);
addPanels(socInt2);
// applications panels
addPanels(appeler);
addPanels(urgences);
// diverse panels
addPanels(appelEnCours);
addPanels(demarrageApp);
addPanels(enConstruction);
*/
}
// fixating the same size and origins for all the panels
public void CaractsPanelChangeant(JPanel a) {
a.setBounds(0, 0, panelChangeable.getWidth(), panelChangeable.getHeight());
}
// regroup the same actions for the panels : bounds, adding and invisible
public void addPanels(JPanel a) {
CaractsPanelChangeant(a);
panelChangeable.add(a);
a.setVisible(false);
/*
* I tried to change the background here too
a.setOpaque(true);
a.setBackground(new Color(255, 105, 86));
*/
}
// JPanel getters
public static int getInfosReseauxHeureHeight() {
return infosReseauxHeure.getHeight();
}
/*
public Accueil1 getAc1() {
return ac1;
}
public Accueil2 getAc2() {
return ac2;
}
public Medias1 getMed1() {
return med1;
}
public Multimedias1 getMultimed1() {
return multimed1;
}
public Outils1 getOut1() {
return out1;
}
public Outils2 getOut2() {
return out2;
}
public Jeux1 getJeux1() {
return jeux1;
}
public Jeux2 getJeux2() {
return jeux2;
}
public SocialInternet1 getSocInt1() {
return socInt1;
}
public SocialInternet2 getSocInt2() {
return socInt2;
}
public Appeler getAppeler() {
return appeler;
}
public Urgences getUrgences() {
return urgences;
}
public AppelEnCours getAppelEnCours() {
return appelEnCours;
}
public DemarrageApp getDemarrageApp() {
return demarrageApp;
}
public EnConstruction getEnConstruction() {
return enConstruction;
}
*/
public Tutoriel getTuto() {
return tuto;
}
// other getters
public static int getFrameWidth() {
return FRAME_WIDTH;
}
public static int getFrameHeight() {
return FRAME_HEIGHT;
}
public JPanel getPanelChangeable() {
return panelChangeable;
}
// setters
public void setPanelChangeable(JPanel a) {
this.panelChangeable = a;
}
/*
public void switchAccueil(){
ac1.setVisible(!ac1.isVisible());
ac2.setVisible(!ac2.isVisible());
}
*/
}
所以这是我的JFrame。这里现在是我之前谈过的小班，这是使用我们项目的教程（开头的Body.java中的评论）。
Tutoriel.java：package view;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Insets;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JCheckBox;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import model.SelectAction;
/**
* @author David Rei
*
*/
/*
* This class displays a tutorial when the application is launched.
* It is then setVisible(false), to not appear again.
* Here, I use it to show you one of my panels, which background has to be a color.
*
*/
public class Tutoriel extends JPanel {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Body body;
// panels
private JPanel tout;
private JPanel centre;
private JPanel messageCentre1;
private JPanel messageCentre2;
// buttons
private JButton ok1;
private JButton ok2;
private JLabel messageHaut;
private JLabel tuto1;
private JLabel FGauche;
private JLabel FDroite;
private JLabel tuto2;
private JCheckBox tutoOff;
//private Color fond = new Color(255, 105, 86);
public Tutoriel(Body body) {
super();
this.body = body;
buildTuto();
}
public void buildTuto() {
this.setLayout(new GridLayout(0,1));
tout = new JPanel();
tout.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0,0));
this.add(tout);
// tutorial announce
messageHaut = new JLabel("TUTORIEL");
messageHaut.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
messageHaut.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20));
messageHaut.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
tout.add(messageHaut, BorderLayout.NORTH);
// central panel, with the tutorial
centre = new JPanel();
centre.setLayout(null);
tout.add(centre, BorderLayout.CENTER);
// first tutorial
messageCentre1 = new JPanel();
messageCentre1.setLayout(null);
messageCentre1.setBounds(0, 0, 250, 300);
centre.add(messageCentre1);
tuto1 = new JLabel("<html>POUR NAVIGUER ENTRE<br>LES DIFFÉRENTES PAGES<br>UTILISER LES FLÈCHES</html>");
tuto1.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
tuto1.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 16));
tuto1.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
tuto1.setVerticalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
tuto1.setBounds(20, -10, 200, 150);
messageCentre1.add(tuto1);
// arrows
FGauche = new JLabel();
FGauche.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/img/left-blue.png")));
FGauche.setBackground(new Color(255, 153, 0));
FGauche.setBounds(80, 150, 40, 40);
messageCentre1.add(FGauche);
FDroite = new JLabel();
FDroite.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/img/right-blue.png")));
FDroite.setBackground(new Color(255, 153, 0));
FDroite.setBounds(140, 150, 40, 40);
messageCentre1.add(FDroite);
// OK button, first tutorial
ok1 = new JButton(new SelectAction(body));
ok1.setActionCommand("tuto1");
ok1.setText("OK");
ok1.setMargin(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
ok1.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
ok1.setBackground(new Color(255, 153, 0));
ok1.setBounds(105, 230, 40, 40);
messageCentre1.add(ok1);
// second tutorial
messageCentre2 = new JPanel();
messageCentre2.setLayout(null);
messageCentre2.setBounds(0, 0, 250, 300);
centre.add(messageCentre2);
tuto2 = new JLabel("<html>POUR RETOURNER<br>A L'ACCUEIL, APPUYER<br>SUR LA TOUCHE G</html>");
tuto2.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
tuto2.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 16));
tuto2.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
tuto2.setVerticalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
tuto2.setBounds(20, -10, 200, 150);
messageCentre2.add(tuto2);
// OK button, second tutorial
ok2 = new JButton(new SelectAction(body));
ok2.setActionCommand("tuto2");
ok2.setText("OK");
ok2.setMargin(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
ok2.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
ok2.setBackground(new Color(255, 153, 0));
ok2.setBounds(105, 230, 40, 40);
messageCentre2.add(ok2);
// visibility of tutorial panels
//messageCentre1.setVisible(false);
messageCentre2.setVisible(false);
// deactivate the tutorial (and reach the main page)
tutoOff = new JCheckBox(new SelectAction(body));
tutoOff.setActionCommand("tutoOff");
tutoOff.setText("NE PLUS AFFICHER AU DÉMARRAGE");
tutoOff.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
tout.add(tutoOff, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
}
/*
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
g.setColor(fond);
g.drawOval(0, 0, 50, 50);
}
*/
public JPanel getMessageCentre1() {
return messageCentre1;
}
public JPanel getMessageCentre2() {
return messageCentre2;
}
}
我知道paintComponent，paint有些内容，但我试图了解它们是如何工作的，我试图在上面的链接中实现解决方案，但我无法实现它。
所以，如果你仍然在那里，这就是我想要做的事情：我想在JPanel niveauBase上应用一种颜色，因为所有内容都将放在该面板上。因此，如果我可以有颜色，我就不必在每个面板上应用颜色。
我想我已经解释了一切，但随时可以要求更多的解释或细节。
感谢您的时间，亲爱的StackOverflowers！
答案 0 :(得分：3)
Color.BLUE。setOpaque(false)，使主GUI中显示的所有其他JPanel都不透明（尽管我发现很难解决这里提出的解决方案＆＃34;你这个。这将允许显示contentPane的背景颜色。还有一些建议：
setBounds()似乎是Swing新手，比如创建复杂GUI的最简单和最好的方法，但是你创建的Swing GUI会越多，你会遇到更严重的困难使用它们时当GUI调整大小时，他们不会调整组件的大小，他们是增强或维护的皇家女巫，当他们放置在滚动窗口时他们完全失败，当他们在所有平台或屏幕分辨率不同时看起来很糟糕原来的。 例如，您的一些代码用蓝色显示：
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import javax.swing.AbstractAction;
//!! import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JCheckBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextPane;
public class Simplicity {
public Simplicity() {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Body fen = new Body();
fen.setVisible(true);
}
}
class Body extends JFrame{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private static final int FRAME_WIDTH = 250;
private static final int FRAME_HEIGHT = 400;
private static JPanel niveauBase = new JPanel(); // Basic panel -> everything will go on it
private static JPanel infosReseauxHeure = new JPanel(); // Panel fixed
private JPanel panelChangeable = new JPanel(); // Scrolling panel
// up of page info
private static JTextPane infos = new JTextPane();
// Creation of the different pages (panels)
private Tutoriel tuto;
public Body() {
super();
buildFrame();
this.buildContentPane();
this.setContentPane(niveauBase);
}
public void buildFrame() {
this.setTitle("Simplicity");
this.setResizable(false);
this.setSize(FRAME_WIDTH, FRAME_HEIGHT);
this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.getContentPane().setBackground(new Color(255, 105, 86));
// toutes les dimensions sont en relatif par rapport à la taille de la JFrame. de fait, en changeant celle-ci, on peut adapter l'interface à différents écrans
// on met en place ce qui ne changera jamais d'un panel à l'autre --> les infos de base et le support
// support
niveauBase.setLayout(null);
niveauBase.setBackground(Color.blue); //!!
// basic info
infosReseauxHeure.setOpaque(false);
infosReseauxHeure.setBounds(0, 0, this.getWidth(), (int)(0.12*this.getHeight()));
infosReseauxHeure.setLayout(new GridLayout(0,1));
infosReseauxHeure.add(infos);
// adding the text
niveauBase.add(infosReseauxHeure);
// defining the limits of the changing Panel, bc they are always the same
panelChangeable.setOpaque(false);
panelChangeable.setLayout(null);
// My first try of changing the background
// panelChangeable.setBackground(new Color(255, 105, 86));
panelChangeable.setBounds(0, infosReseauxHeure.getHeight(), this.getWidth(), (int) (0.88*this.getHeight()));
niveauBase.add(panelChangeable);
// the basic frame, which will never change, is ready.
}
public void buildContentPane() {
// Instantiation of the pages
tuto = new Tutoriel(this);
/*
ac1 = new Accueil1(this);
ac2 = new Accueil2(this);
med1 = new Medias1(this);
multimed1 = new Multimedias1(this);
out1 = new Outils1(this);
out2 = new Outils2(this);
jeux1 = new Jeux1(this);
jeux2 = new Jeux2(this);
socInt1 = new SocialInternet1(this);
socInt2 = new SocialInternet2(this);
appeler = new Appeler(this);
urgences = new Urgences(this);
appelEnCours = new AppelEnCours(this);
demarrageApp = new DemarrageApp(this);
enConstruction = new EnConstruction(this);
*/
// Tutoriel is the first to be displayed
CaractsPanelChangeant(tuto);
panelChangeable.add(tuto);
// all the other panels have the same displaying characteristics
// navigating panels
/*
addPanels(ac1);
addPanels(ac2);
addPanels(med1);
addPanels(multimed1);
addPanels(out1);
addPanels(out2);
addPanels(jeux1);
addPanels(jeux2);
addPanels(socInt1);
addPanels(socInt2);
// applications panels
addPanels(appeler);
addPanels(urgences);
// diverse panels
addPanels(appelEnCours);
addPanels(demarrageApp);
addPanels(enConstruction);
*/
}
// fixating the same size and origins for all the panels
public void CaractsPanelChangeant(JPanel a) {
a.setBounds(0, 0, panelChangeable.getWidth(), panelChangeable.getHeight());
}
// regroup the same actions for the panels : bounds, adding and invisible
public void addPanels(JPanel a) {
CaractsPanelChangeant(a);
panelChangeable.add(a);
a.setVisible(false);
/*
* I tried to change the background here too
a.setOpaque(true);
a.setBackground(new Color(255, 105, 86));
*/
}
// JPanel getters
public static int getInfosReseauxHeureHeight() {
return infosReseauxHeure.getHeight();
}
/*
public Accueil1 getAc1() {
return ac1;
}
public Accueil2 getAc2() {
return ac2;
}
public Medias1 getMed1() {
return med1;
}
public Multimedias1 getMultimed1() {
return multimed1;
}
public Outils1 getOut1() {
return out1;
}
public Outils2 getOut2() {
return out2;
}
public Jeux1 getJeux1() {
return jeux1;
}
public Jeux2 getJeux2() {
return jeux2;
}
public SocialInternet1 getSocInt1() {
return socInt1;
}
public SocialInternet2 getSocInt2() {
return socInt2;
}
public Appeler getAppeler() {
return appeler;
}
public Urgences getUrgences() {
return urgences;
}
public AppelEnCours getAppelEnCours() {
return appelEnCours;
}
public DemarrageApp getDemarrageApp() {
return demarrageApp;
}
public EnConstruction getEnConstruction() {
return enConstruction;
}
*/
public Tutoriel getTuto() {
return tuto;
}
// other getters
public static int getFrameWidth() {
return FRAME_WIDTH;
}
public static int getFrameHeight() {
return FRAME_HEIGHT;
}
public JPanel getPanelChangeable() {
return panelChangeable;
}
// setters
public void setPanelChangeable(JPanel a) {
this.panelChangeable = a;
}
/*
public void switchAccueil(){
ac1.setVisible(!ac1.isVisible());
ac2.setVisible(!ac2.isVisible());
}
*/
}
class Tutoriel extends JPanel {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Body body;
// panels
private JPanel tout;
private JPanel centre;
private JPanel messageCentre1;
private JPanel messageCentre2;
// buttons
private JButton ok1;
private JButton ok2;
private JLabel messageHaut;
private JLabel tuto1;
private JLabel FGauche;
private JLabel FDroite;
private JLabel tuto2;
private JCheckBox tutoOff;
//private Color fond = new Color(255, 105, 86);
public Tutoriel(Body body) {
super();
this.body = body;
buildTuto();
setOpaque(false);
}
public void buildTuto() {
this.setLayout(new GridLayout(0,1));
tout = new JPanel();
tout.setOpaque(false); //!!
tout.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0,0));
this.add(tout);
// tutorial announce
messageHaut = new JLabel("TUTORIEL");
messageHaut.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
messageHaut.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20));
messageHaut.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
tout.add(messageHaut, BorderLayout.NORTH);
// central panel, with the tutorial
centre = new JPanel();
centre.setOpaque(false);
centre.setLayout(null);
tout.add(centre, BorderLayout.CENTER);
// first tutorial
messageCentre1 = new JPanel();
messageCentre1.setLayout(null);
messageCentre1.setOpaque(false);
messageCentre1.setBounds(0, 0, 250, 300);
centre.add(messageCentre1);
tuto1 = new JLabel("<html>POUR NAVIGUER ENTRE<br>LES DIFFÉRENTES PAGES<br>UTILISER LES FLÈCHES</html>");
tuto1.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
tuto1.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 16));
tuto1.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
tuto1.setVerticalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
tuto1.setBounds(20, -10, 200, 150);
messageCentre1.add(tuto1);
// arrows
FGauche = new JLabel("G");
//!! FGauche.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/img/left-blue.png")));
FGauche.setBackground(new Color(255, 153, 0));
FGauche.setBounds(80, 150, 40, 40);
messageCentre1.add(FGauche);
FDroite = new JLabel("D");
//!! FDroite.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/img/right-blue.png")));
FDroite.setBackground(new Color(255, 153, 0));
FDroite.setBounds(140, 150, 40, 40);
messageCentre1.add(FDroite);
// OK button, first tutorial
ok1 = new JButton(new SelectAction(body));
ok1.setActionCommand("tuto1");
ok1.setText("OK");
ok1.setMargin(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
ok1.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
ok1.setBackground(new Color(255, 153, 0));
ok1.setBounds(105, 230, 40, 40);
messageCentre1.add(ok1);
// second tutorial
messageCentre2 = new JPanel();
messageCentre2.setOpaque(false);
messageCentre2.setLayout(null);
messageCentre2.setBounds(0, 0, 250, 300);
centre.add(messageCentre2);
tuto2 = new JLabel("<html>POUR RETOURNER<br>A L'ACCUEIL, APPUYER<br>SUR LA TOUCHE G</html>");
tuto2.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
tuto2.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 16));
tuto2.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
tuto2.setVerticalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
tuto2.setBounds(20, -10, 200, 150);
messageCentre2.add(tuto2);
// OK button, second tutorial
ok2 = new JButton(new SelectAction(body));
ok2.setActionCommand("tuto2");
ok2.setText("OK");
ok2.setMargin(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
ok2.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
ok2.setBackground(new Color(255, 153, 0));
ok2.setBounds(105, 230, 40, 40);
messageCentre2.add(ok2);
// visibility of tutorial panels
//messageCentre1.setVisible(false);
messageCentre2.setVisible(false);
// deactivate the tutorial (and reach the main page)
tutoOff = new JCheckBox(new SelectAction(body));
tutoOff.setActionCommand("tutoOff");
tutoOff.setText("NE PLUS AFFICHER AU DÉMARRAGE");
tutoOff.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
tout.add(tutoOff, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
}
/*
@Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
g.setColor(fond);
g.drawOval(0, 0, 50, 50);
}
*/
public JPanel getMessageCentre1() {
return messageCentre1;
}
public JPanel getMessageCentre2() {
return messageCentre2;
}
}
// !! hadd to add this to get code to compile!
class SelectAction extends AbstractAction {
private Body body;
public SelectAction(Body body) {
this.body = body;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
// TODO put some junk in here!
}
}