一开始我想为我的英语道歉。我的问题很奇怪,因为我正在尝试编写自己的ArrayList外观,并且像Java中的List一样工作,我知道它就像重新发明一个轮子,但我这样做是为了好玩,更好地理解它是如何工作的。因此,每个答案,如“使用STL”,“使用向量”,“使用其他东西但不创建自己的列表”都没有用。 所以从一开始,我有自己的模板到ArrayList,有一些对我很重要的方法。我的ArrayList作为数组工作,我只使用一部分可用空间,如果我需要更多空间,我创建新的更大的数组并复制所有旧元素(我相信它在Java ArrayList中的工作方式,告诉我,如果我错了) 。在数组中,我只存储指针。它是保存和删除已知对象的好模板,如果我只需要读取存储的数据,但是当我尝试写入循环进行读取时,会出现真正的问题,检查并从列表中删除指定的元素。我不能使用标准来做(int i = 0; i
所以有人可以解释我应该在我的模板中写什么来支持每个功能。在许多示例中出现begin()和end()函数,但没有人解释为什么这个名称,什么是返回类型和原因,以及此方法应该返回什么。这是我的模板代码,如果出现问题,请告诉我。我将在我的其他应用程序中使用此代码,因为对我来说,这个实现比矢量更直观(我肯定用Java工作太长了)))
template <class T> class ArrayList {
public:
ArrayList() {
array = new T*[1000];
arraySize = 1000;
n = 0;
};
void add(T &arg) { //add new element at end
if (n == arraySize) {
increase();
}
array[n] = &arg;
n++;
};
void addAt(T &arg, unsigned int pos) { //add new element at specific position and override
if (pos >= 0 && pos <= n) {
if (pos == n) {
add(arg);
}
else {
array[pos] = &arg;
}
}
else {
throw "IndexOutOfBoundException";
}
};
void addAfter(T &arg, unsigned int pos) { //add new element between specific posittion and next element
pos++;
if (pos >= 0 && pos <= n) {
if (n == arraySize) {
increase();
}
for (unsigned int i = n; i > pos; i--) {
array[i] = array[i - 1];
}
array[pos] = &arg;
n++;
}
else {
throw "IndexOutOfBoundException";
}
};
void addList(ArrayList &list) { //add 'list' at the end
if (list.n > 0) {
while (list.n + n > arraySize) {
increase();
}
for (int i = 0; i < list.n; i++) {
array[n] = list.array[i];
n++;
}
}
};
void addListAfter(ArrayList &list, unsigned int pos) { //put 'list' inside list, start from 'pos'
pos++;
if (list.n > 0 && pos >= 0 && pos < n) {
while (list.n + n > arraySize) {
increase();
}
int m = n - 1;
while (m >= pos && m >= 0) {
array[m + list.n] = array[m];
m--;
}
for (int i = 0; i < list.n; i++) {
array[pos + i] = list.array[i];
}
n += list.n;
}
else {
throw "IndexOutOfBoundException";
}
};
void addListAfter(ArrayList &list, T &arg) { //put 'list' inside list, start after T, if T not exist 'list' will be added at the end
addListAfter(list, getIndex(arg));
};
void remove(T &arg, bool all) { //remove selected element if all=true remove all instance of object otherwise remove only first
if (all) {
int copies = 0;
for (int index = 0; index < n; index++) {
if (array[index] == &arg) {
copies++;
}
else if (copies != 0) {
array[index - copies] = array[index];
}
}
n -= copies;
if (copies == 0) {
throw "ArgumentNotFoundException";
}
while (arraySize - n >= 1000) {
decrease();
}
}
else {
remove(getIndex(arg));
}
};
void remove(unsigned int pos) { //remove element from specific position
if (pos >= 0 && pos < n) {
for (int i = pos; i < n - 1; i++) {
array[i] = array[i + 1];
}
n--;
if (arraySize - n >= 1000) {
decrease();
}
}
else {
throw "IndexOutOfBoundException";
}
};
void removeCopy(T &arg) { //leaves only one instance of an object and remove all other
int copies = -1;
for (int index = 0; index < n; index++) {
if (array[index] == &arg) {
copies++;
}
else if (copies > 0) {
array[index - copies] = array[index];
}
}
n -= copies;
if (copies == -1) {
n--;
throw "ArgumentNotFoundException";
}
while (arraySize - n >= 1000) {
decrease();
}
};
void repair() { //leaves only single instance of each object
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
removeCopy(*array[i]);
}
};
void clear() { //remove all object from list
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
array[i] = NULL;
}
n = 0;
};
T* get(unsigned int pos) { //return object on selected position
if (pos >= 0 && pos < n) {
return array[pos];
}
else {
throw "IndexOutOfBoundException";
}
};
unsigned int getIndex(T &arg) { //return position of selected object
unsigned int index = 0;
while (&arg != array[index] && index < n) {
index++;
}
if (index == n) {
throw "ArgumentNotFoundException";
}
return index;
};
ArrayList getSubList(unsigned int first, unsigned int last, bool deepCopy) { //return new list contains 'deep copy'/'copy reference' of all elements from (include) first to (include) last. If deepCopy=true function return deep copy, otherwise return copy of reference.
if (first < last&&first >= 0 && last < n) {
ArrayList<T> ret;
for (unsigned int i = first; i <= last; i++) {
if (deepCopy) {
ret.add(*new T(*array[i]));
}
else {
ret.add(*array[i]);
}
}
return ret;
}
throw "IndexOutOfBoundException";
};
unsigned int size() { //return size of list
return n;
};
bool isEmpty() {
return n == 0;
};
T *begin() {
return &*array[0];
}
T *end() {
return &*array[n];
}
private:
unsigned int arraySize; //actual size of array
unsigned int n; //number of elements in array
T** array;
void increase() { //increase size of array about 1000
if (arraySize + 1000 <= LONG_MAX) {
T** newArray = new T*[arraySize + 1000];
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++) {
newArray[i] = array[i];
}
delete[] array;
array = newArray;
arraySize += 1000;
}
else {
throw "ArraySizeOutOfBoundException";
}
};
void decrease() { //decrease size of array about 1000
if (arraySize - 1000 > 0) {
arraySize -= 1000;
T** newArray = new T*[arraySize];
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++) {
newArray[i] = array[i];
}
delete[] array;
array = newArray;
}
else {
throw "ArraySizeOutOfBoundException";
}
};
};
答案 0 :(得分:1)
您发布的一些答案给出了很好的解释。 begin
和end
将迭代器返回到一个容器中,begin
引用第一个元素,end
引用一个项目超过最后一个元素。至于名字,它们似乎很直观。我相信这个迭代器设计被选为指针的抽象,它的运行时成本最低。
我确定您在链接的答案中看到过此链接,但您应该参考range-based for-loops上的此页面。
在任何情况下,您似乎都对数组的元素与指向元素的迭代器感到困惑。用:
T **begin() {
return &array[0];
}
T **end() {
return &array[n];
}
您的程序将使用ranged-for。您的元素类型为T*
,而非T
。