CSS选择器：查找元素不是另一个元素的子元素

Question

是否可以使用CSS选择器找到不在另一个元素内的所有元素？

// finding all links with class test
var a = document.querySelectorAll('a.test');

// finding all links with class test insode div class box
var a = document.querySelectorAll('div.box a.test');

// finding all links with class test that are NOT inside div class box (not working)
var a = document.querySelectorAll(':not(.box) a.test');
var a = document.querySelectorAll('div:not(.box) a.test');