我有一个服务器列表。每个服务器上都有一个名称列表。 例如:
server1 = ['a','b','c']
server2 = ['d','e','f']
server3 = ['g','h','i']
我想为每个服务器名称而不是每个服务器进行迭代。例如,在'a'
中选择server1
后,请转到'd'
(不是'b'
),依此类推。如果我要使用itertools.cycle()
,我是否必须创建一个要循环的服务器列表?我的预期结果是['a','d','g','b','e','h','c','f','i']
。你能给我一个关于如何在多个列表中循环的简单示例。
答案 0 :(得分:11)
我们也可以使用比较快的itertools.chain.from_iterable()
。
import itertools
server1 = ['a','b','c']
server2 = ['d','e','f']
server3 = ['g','h','i']
print list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(zip(server1,server2,server3)))
结果:
['a', 'd', 'g', 'b', 'e', 'h', 'c', 'f', 'i']
答案 1 :(得分:9)
您可以使用zip
和reduce
内置函数(以及python3 functools.reduce
)执行此操作:
>>> list_of_servers=[server1,server2,server3]
>>> s=reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,zip(*list_of_servers))
>>> s
('a', 'd', 'g', 'b', 'e', 'h', 'c', 'f', 'i')
或者对于长列表而不是reduce()
,您可以使用itertools.chain
来连接返回生成器的子列表:
>>> list(chain(*zip(*[server1,server2,server3])))
['a', 'd', 'g', 'b', 'e', 'h', 'c', 'f', 'i']
注意如果您要迭代结果,则不必对list
的结果使用chain
。你可以这样做:
for element in chain(*zip(*[server1,server2,server3])):
#do stuff
对前面的食谱进行基准测试:
#reduce()
:~$ python -m timeit "server1 = ['a','b','c'];server2 = ['d','e','f'];server3 = ['g','h','i'];reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,zip(*[server1,server2,server3]))"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.11 usec per loop
#itertools.chain()
:~$ python -m timeit "server1 = ['a','b','c'];server2 = ['d','e','f'];server3 = ['g','h','i'];from itertools import chain;chain(*zip(*[server1,server2,server3]))"
100000 loops, best of 3: 2.02 usec per loop
请注意,如果您不将服务器放在列表中,它会更快:
:~$ python -m timeit "server1 = ['a','b','c'];server2 = ['d','e','f'];server3 = ['g','h','i'];reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,zip(server1,server2,server3))"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.98 usec per loop
答案 2 :(得分:7)
这个工作正常:
>>> from itertools import chain, islice, izip, cycle
>>> list(islice(cycle(chain.from_iterable(izip(server1, server2, server3))), 0, 18))
['a', 'd', 'g', 'b', 'e', 'h', 'c', 'f', 'i', 'a', 'd', 'g', 'b', 'e', 'h', 'c', 'f', 'i']
注意,list
和islice
仅用于演示目的,以显示内容并防止无限输出......
现在,如果您有不等长度列表,它会变得更有趣。那么izip_longest
将是你的朋友,但此时可能值得一个功能:
import itertools
def cycle_through_servers(*server_lists):
zipped = itertools.izip_longest(*server_lists, fillvalue=None)
chained = itertools.chain.from_iterable(zipped)
return itertools.cycle(s for s in chained if s is not None)
演示:
>>> from itertools import islice
>>> server3 = ['g', 'h', 'i', 'j']
>>> list(islice(cycle_through_servers(server1, server2, server3), 0, 20))
['a', 'd', 'g', 'b', 'e', 'h', 'c', 'f', 'i', 'j', 'a', 'd', 'g', 'b', 'e', 'h', 'c', 'f', 'i', 'j']
答案 3 :(得分:5)
standard library documentation将此功能作为itertools
中的食谱提供。
def roundrobin(*iterables):
"roundrobin('ABC', 'D', 'EF') --> A D E B F C"
# Recipe credited to George Sakkis
pending = len(iterables)
nexts = cycle(iter(it).next for it in iterables)
while pending:
try:
for next in nexts:
yield next()
except StopIteration:
pending -= 1
nexts = cycle(islice(nexts, pending))
这个代码即使在迭代的长度不均匀时也能工作,当较短的迭代用完时,循环通过剩余的代码。这可能与您的用例相关,也可能不相关。
答案 4 :(得分:3)
试试这个:
from itertools import cycle
for k in cycle([j for i in zip(server1,server2,server3) for j in i]):
print(k)
#do you operations
a
d
g
b
...
但是关注这提供了无限循环
这样做更好:
c = cycle([j for i in zip(server1,server2,server3) for j in i])
>>>next(c)
a
>>>next(c)
b
....
答案 5 :(得分:3)
from itertools import chain
for s in chain(*zip(server1, server2, server3)):
# do work
答案 6 :(得分:2)
您可以使用链:
import itertools
server1 = ['a','b','c']
server2 = ['d','e','f']
server3 = ['g','h','i']
all_servers = [server1, server2, server3]
out_list = [s_name for a in itertools.chain(zip(*all_servers)) for s_name in a]
print(out_list)
#['a', 'd', 'g', 'b', 'e', 'h', 'c', 'f', 'i']
或更短:
out_list = list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(zip(*all_servers)))
答案 7 :(得分:2)
使用chain
,您只需执行此操作:
from itertools import chain, izip
server1 = [1, 2]
server2 = [3, 4]
server3 = [4, 5]
print list(chain(*izip(server1, server2, server3))) # [1, 3, 4, 2, 4, 5]
或者你可以使用chain.from_iterable
,它期望一个自己生成迭代器的迭代。
在你的情况下zip
是可迭代的,它以元组的形式生成迭代器:
print list(chain.from_iterable(zip(server1, server2, server3))) # [1, 3, 4, 2, 4, 5]
左yield
也可以在这里使用:
def f():
server1 = [1, 2]
server2 = [3, 4]
server3 = [4, 5]
for a, b, c in zip(server1, server2, server3):
yield a
yield b
yield c
val = f()
print [val.next() for _ in range(6)] # [1, 3, 4, 2, 4, 5]