如何在python中使用SHGetFileInfo和SHGFI_PIDL

时间:2015-03-22 03:11:42

标签: python windows shell ctypes activepython

我正在尝试使用SHGetFileInfo检索文件信息(特别是有关图标的信息)。实际上,我没有文件的完整路径,我只有pidl。

以下代码返回(0L, (0, 0, 0, '', '')),我的问题就是原因。

from win32com.shell import shell, shellcon
def get_info():
    desktop = shell.SHGetDesktopFolder()
    eaten, desktop_pidl, attr = desktop.ParseDisplayName(None, None, r"C:\Users\Ella\Desktop")
    return shell.SHGetFileInfo(desktop_pidl, 0, shellcon.SHGFI_PIDL | shellcon.SHGFI_SYSICONINDEX | shellcon.SHGFI_ICON | shellcon.SHGFI_DISPLAYNAME)

另一方面,下面的代码确实起作用(它使用完整路径而不是pidl):

from win32com.shell import shell, shellcon
def get_info2():
    return shell.SHGetFileInfo(r"C:\Users\Ella\Desktop", 0, shellcon.SHGFI_SYSICONINDEX | shellcon.SHGFI_ICON | shellcon.SHGFI_DISPLAYNAME)

谢谢!

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

您已在PySHGetFileInfo中发现了一个错误。如果在标记中设置SHGFI_PIDL,则会调用PyObject_AsPIDL并将结果存储到pidl_or_name,但会错误地将name传递给SHGetFileInfo,在这种情况下,NULL最初的shell32!SHGetFileInfoW值。请参阅下面的更多细节。

您询问了如何在"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.1\Bin\SetEnv.Cmd" set MSSdk=%WindowsSDKDir% set SYMDIR=C:\Symbols set SYMSRV=http://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols set _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=symsrv*symsrv.dll*%SYMDIR%*%SYMSRV% path C:\Program Files\Debugging Tools for Windows (x64);%PATH% path C:\Program Files\Mercurial;%PATH% 上设置断点。对此没有简单的答案。相反,请允许我分享一下我测试此操作的概述。希望这至少可以让你开始。

测试环境:

设置shell环境。

py -3.4 -m venv --symlinks test

创建Python虚拟环境。

venv

set PYDIR="%ProgramW6432%\Python34" set CMD=mklink "test\Scripts\%~nxf" "%f" for /R %PYDIR% %f in (*.pdb) do @%CMD% 没有链接.pdb文件,因此请在for循环中手动抓取。

test\Scripts\activate

激活虚拟环境。

set HGSRV=http://pywin32.hg.sourceforge.net
hg clone %HGSRV%/hgroot/pywin32/pywin32
cd pywin32
hg up b219

克隆PyWin32回购。构建并安装版本219。

win32com.mapi
  

我编辑了setup.py以注释掉与构建相关的所有内容   python setup3.py install 。我的设置甚至没有所需的标题,   当我获得它们时,有一些问题需要建立   WIN64的扩展名。

构建并安装软件包。

>cdb -xi ld python

Microsoft (R) Windows Debugger Version 6.12.0002.633 AMD64
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

CommandLine: python
Symbol search path is: symsrv*symsrv.dll*C:\Symbols*
                       http://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols
Executable search path is:
(d50.1174): Break instruction exception - code 80000003 (first chance)
ntdll!LdrpDoDebuggerBreak+0x30:
00000000`770bcb70 cc              int     3
0:000> bp shell32!SHGetFileInfoW
0:000> g
Python 3.4.2 (v3.4.2:ab2c023a9432, Oct  6 2014, 22:16:31)
[MSC v.1600 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

在控制台调试器cdb.exe下运行Python。

-xi ld

上述命令行中的选项shell32!SHGetFileInfoW设置过滤器以忽略打印加载的模块。有很多教程和'备忘单'在线使用Microsoft的调试器,如WinDbg,cdb和kd。调试器都使用相同的引擎,因此它们支持一组通用的调试命令。

附加的调试器在>>> import os >>> from win32com.shell import shell, shellcon >>> print(shell.__file__) C:\Temp\test\lib\site-packages\win32comext\shell\shell.pyd >>> path = os.path.expanduser(r'~\Desktop\desktop.ini') >>> pidl = shell.SHParseDisplayName(path, 0, None)[0] >>> flags = (shellcon.SHGFI_PIDL | ... shellcon.SHGFI_SYSICONINDEX | ... shellcon.SHGFI_ICON | ... shellcon.SHGFI_DISPLAYNAME) >>> shell.SHGetFileInfo(pidl, 0, flags) 上设置了断点。触发断点时,调试器会抓取控制台。 Windows控制台的少数兑换功能之一是其每个应用程序的输入历史记录和别名。这使得在同一控制台窗口中调试和调试对象进出调试时可以方便地调用命令。

Breakpoint 0 hit
SHELL32!SHGetFileInfoW:
000007fe`fd692290 fff3            push    rbx
0:000> k 5
*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for
C:\Temp\test\lib\site-packages\win32comext\shell\shell.pyd
Child-SP          RetAddr           Call Site
00000000`003ff2d8 00000000`5f44c5e8 SHELL32!SHGetFileInfoW
00000000`003ff2e0 00000000`5f5af8bd shell!PySHGetFileInfo+0xf8
00000000`003ff610 00000000`5f62385b python34!PyCFunction_Call+0x12d
00000000`003ff640 00000000`5f625c89 python34!call_function+0x2ab
00000000`003ff6a0 00000000`5f62770c python34!PyEval_EvalFrameEx+0x2279
0:000> r rcx
rcx=0000000000000000
0:000> g
(0, (0, 0, 0, '', ''))
rcx

在Windows x64 ABI中,函数的第一个参数在寄存器PIDL中传递。我们从SHGetFileInfo文档中了解到,这应该是NULL,但实际上 if (flags & SHGFI_PIDL) { ok = PyObject_AsPIDL(obName, &pidl, FALSE); pidl_or_name = (TCHAR *)pidl; } else { ok = PyWinObject_AsTCHAR(obName, &name, FALSE); pidl_or_name = name; } if (!ok) return NULL; SHFILEINFO info; memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info)); info.dwAttributes = info_attrs; PY_INTERFACE_PRECALL; DWORD_PTR dw = SHGetFileInfo(name, attr, &info, sizeof(info), flags); 正在传递。显然这是一个错误。堆栈跟踪归咎于shell!PySHGetFileInfo。这是有问题代码的片段:

name

错误是将pidl_or_name作为第一个参数而不是SHParseDisplayName


问题是标记为ctypes。 IMO,使用ctypes是值得的,如果这样做消除了像PyWin32这样的大依赖。对于基于COM的API,我通常不会单独使用ctypes。如果你想尝试,comtypes包建立在ctypes上。在这种情况下,可以通过调用HRESULT来避免直接调用COM方法。除了使用import types as _types import ctypes as _ctypes from ctypes import wintypes as _wtypes _mtypes = _types.ModuleType('_mtypes') _ole32 = _ctypes.WinDLL('ole32') _shell32 = _ctypes.WinDLL('shell32') _user32 = _ctypes.WinDLL('user32') try: from win32com.shell import shell as _shell except ImportError: _shell = None try: from win32com.shell import shellcon except ImportError: shellcon = _types.ModuleType('shellcon') shellcon.SHGFI_LARGEICON = 0x00000 shellcon.SHGFI_SMALLICON = 0x00001 shellcon.SHGFI_OPENICON = 0x00002 shellcon.SHGFI_SHELLICONSIZE = 0x00004 shellcon.SHGFI_PIDL = 0x00008 shellcon.SHGFI_USEFILEATTRIBUTES = 0x00010 shellcon.SHGFI_ICON = 0x00100 shellcon.SHGFI_DISPLAYNAME = 0x00200 shellcon.SHGFI_TYPENAME = 0x00400 shellcon.SHGFI_ATTRIBUTES = 0x00800 shellcon.SHGFI_ICONLOCATION = 0x01000 shellcon.SHGFI_EXETYPE = 0x02000 shellcon.SHGFI_SYSICONINDEX = 0x04000 shellcon.SHGFI_LINKOVERLAY = 0x08000 shellcon.SHGFI_SELECTED = 0x10000 shellcon.SHGFI_ATTR_SPECIFIED = 0x20000 try: import win32con except ImportError: win32con = _types.ModuleType('win32con') win32con.MAX_PATH = 260 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY = 0x00001 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN = 0x00002 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM = 0x00004 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY = 0x00010 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE = 0x00020 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE = 0x00040 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL = 0x00080 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY = 0x00100 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ATOMIC_WRITE = 0x00200 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE = 0x00200 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT = 0x00400 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_XACTION_WRITE = 0x00400 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED = 0x00800 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE = 0x01000 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED = 0x02000 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED = 0x04000 win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL = 0x10000 _mtypes.CData = _ctypes.Array.__bases__[0] _mtypes.PPIDLIST_ABSOLUTE = _ctypes.POINTER(_ctypes.c_void_p) _mtypes.SFGAOF = _wtypes.ULONG _mtypes.PSFGAOF = _ctypes.POINTER(_mtypes.SFGAOF) _ole32.CoInitialize.restype = _ctypes.HRESULT # checked _ole32.CoInitialize.argtypes = (_ctypes.c_void_p,) _ole32.CoUninitialize.restype = None _ole32.CoUninitialize.argtypes = () _ole32.CoTaskMemFree.restype = None _ole32.CoTaskMemFree.argtypes = (_ctypes.c_void_p,) _user32.DestroyIcon.argtypes = (_wtypes.HICON,) _shell32.SHParseDisplayName.restype = _ctypes.HRESULT # checked _shell32.SHParseDisplayName.argtypes = ( _wtypes.LPCWSTR, # pszName, _In_ _ctypes.c_void_p, # pbc, _In_opt_ _mtypes.PPIDLIST_ABSOLUTE, # ppidl, _Out_ _mtypes.SFGAOF, # sfgaoIn, _In_ _mtypes.PSFGAOF) # psfgaoOut, _Out_opt_ class SHFILEINFO(_ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = (('hIcon', _wtypes.HICON), ('iIcon', _ctypes.c_int), ('dwAttributes', _wtypes.DWORD), ('szDisplayName', _wtypes.WCHAR * win32con.MAX_PATH), ('szTypeName', _wtypes.WCHAR * 80)) _mtypes.SHFILEINFO = SHFILEINFO _mtypes.PSHFILEINFO = _ctypes.POINTER(SHFILEINFO) _shell32.SHGetFileInfoW.restype = _ctypes.c_void_p _shell32.SHGetFileInfoW.argtypes = ( _wtypes.LPVOID, # pszPath, _In_ _wtypes.DWORD, # dwFileAttributes, _mtypes.PSHFILEINFO, # psfi, _Inout_ _wtypes.UINT, # cbFileInfo, _wtypes.UINT) # uFlags def SHGetFileInfo(pidl, attributes=0, flags=0): if _shell is not None: if not isinstance(pidl, (str, bytes, _mtypes.CData)): pidl = _shell.PIDLAsString(pidl) finfo = SHFILEINFO() _ole32.CoInitialize(None) try: retval = _shell32.SHGetFileInfoW(pidl, attributes, _ctypes.byref(finfo), _ctypes.sizeof(finfo), flags) finally: _ole32.CoUninitialize() if not retval: if flags != shellcon.SHGFI_EXETYPE: raise _ctypes.WinError() return retval, finfo 返回码之外,它与任何其他Win32 API非常相似。

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import os    
    path = os.path.expanduser(r'~\Desktop\desktop.ini')
    pidl = _shell.SHParseDisplayName(path, 0)[0]
    assert isinstance(pidl, list)

    flags = (shellcon.SHGFI_PIDL |
             shellcon.SHGFI_ICON |
             shellcon.SHGFI_DISPLAYNAME |
             shellcon.SHGFI_TYPENAME |
             shellcon.SHGFI_ATTRIBUTES |
             shellcon.SHGFI_SYSICONINDEX)

    hImageList, finfo = SHGetFileInfo(pidl, 0, flags)

    print('hImageList:', hImageList)
    for name, typ in finfo._fields_:
        print(name, ': ', ascii(getattr(finfo, name)), sep='')

    if finfo.hIcon:
        _user32.DestroyIcon(finfo.hIcon)

示例:

hImageList: 4411024
hIcon: 10617107
iIcon: 7
dwAttributes: 1078497655
szDisplayName: 'desktop.ini'
szTypeName: 'Configuration settings'

<强>输出:

{{1}}