从另一个类C ++访问一个对象

时间:2015-03-20 20:36:04

标签: c++ eclipse oop object compiler-errors

我正在尝试创建一个图书馆系统。我有一个名为3.cpp的源文件,有几个名为Game.h,DVD.h,Book.h,Library.h和Media.h的类。

我在3.cpp中创建了一个名为lib的对象,我试图从Game类中访问lib对象。我怎样才能做到这一点?我正在使用Eclipse onMac os。

3.cpp源文件是:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "Library.h" // include header of Library class
#include "Game.h" // include header of Game class
#include "DVD.h" // include header of DVD class
#include "Book.h" // include header of Book class
using namespace std;

int main(){

    Library lib;

    while( 1 ){

        char mainSelect;
        char gameOption, name[30], platform[30], copies[10];
        char dvdOption, director[30];
        char bookOption, author[30];
        char mainMenu;

        // Read user selection
        cin.getline( name, 80);
        mainSelect = name[0];

        // Switch statement to select between the options
        switch (mainSelect){
           case '1':
              break;
           case '2':
               break;
           case '3':
               break;
           case '4':
               exit(0);
               break;
           case '5':
               cout << "Invalid selection!" << endl;
               system("pause");
               break;
        }

        if (mainSelect == '1'){

           cin.getline( name, 80);
           dvdOption = name[0];

        switch (dvdOption){

           case '1':
              cout << "Enter Name of DVD: ";
              cin.getline( name, 80);
              cout << "Enter Director of DVD: ";
              cin.getline(director, 80);
              cout << "Enter no of copies: ";
              cin.getline(copies, 80);
              lib.insertDVD( name, director, atoi(copies));
              break;
           case '2':
              cout << "Enter Name of DVD:\n";
              cin.getline(name, 80);
              lib.deleteDVD(name);
              break;
           case '3':
              cout << "Enter Name of DVD:\n";
              cin.getline(name, 80);
              DVD *item;
              item = lib.searchDVD( name );
              if( item != NULL){
                cout << "DVD found\n" << item->name << endl << item->director << endl << item->copies << endl;
              }
              else
              cout << "DVD not found\n";
              break;
           case '4':
              break;
           case '5':
              exit(0);
              break;
           case '6':
              cout << "Invalid selection!" << endl;
              system("pause");
              break;
        }
        }

        else if (mainSelect == '2'){
          "I need to add a method here to call the GameMenu method from the Game class."


    return 0;
}

Game类代码是:

#ifndef GAME_H_
#define GAME_H_

#include "Media.h"
#include "Library.h"
using namespace std;

class Game : public Media{
public:

    char platform[45];
    char gameOption, name[30], platform[30], copies[10];

    void GameMenu(){
cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
           cout << "*******************  Game Menu  ********************" << endl;
           cout << "****************************************************" << endl;
           cout << "*                                                  *" << endl;
           cout << "* PROGRAM          DESCRIPTION                     *" << endl;
           cout << "* ------------------------------------------------ *" << endl;
           cout << "*                                                  *" << endl;
           cout << "*   1              Add a new Game                  *" << endl;
           cout << "*                                                  *" << endl;
           cout << "*   2              Delete a Game                   *" << endl;
           cout << "*                                                  *" << endl;
           cout << "*   3              Search for a Game               *" << endl;
           cout << "*                                                  *" << endl;
           cout << "*   4              Return to the previous Menu     *" << endl;
           cout << "*                                                  *" << endl;
           cout << "*   5              EXIT                            *" << endl;
           cout << "*                                                  *" << endl;
           cout << "* ------------------------------------------------ *" << endl;
           cout << "*                                                  *" << endl;
           cout << "****************************************************" << endl;

            cin.getline( name, 80);
            gameOption = name[0];

        switch (gameOption){

           case '1':
             cout << "Enter Name of Game: ";
             cin.getline( name, 80);
             cout << "Enter game platform: ";
             cin.getline(platform, 80);
             cout << "Enter no of copies: ";
             cin.getline(copies, 80);
             lib.insertGame( name, platform, atoi(copies));
             break;
           case '2':
             cout << "Enter Name of Game:\n";
             cin.getline(name, 80);
             lib.deleteGame(name);
             break;
           case '3':
             cout << "Enter Name of Game:\n";
             cin.getline(name, 80);
             Game *item;
             item = lib.searchGame( name );
             if( item != NULL){
             cout << "Game found\n" << item->name << endl << item->platform << endl << item->copies << endl;
             }
             else
             cout << "Game not found\n";
             break;
             case '4':
             exit(0);
             break;
           case '5':
             cout << "Invalid selection!" << endl;
             system("pause");
             break;
        }
    }

};


#endif // end of "#ifndef" block

当我尝试访问Game类中创建的lib对象时,我也遇到了一些错误。我得到的错误是:

1. Use of undefined identifier lib.
2. Method insertGame could not be resolved.
3. Method deleteGame could not be resolved.

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

问题:

您已将Library lib;定义为main()的本地变量。这意味着您可以在main()中访问此变量,但不能访问其他地方。

不幸的是,您在属于lib类的成员函数GameMenu()中引用了Game。 `GameMenu()没有看到调用函数的局部变量。

我试着简化:GameMenu()函数存在于其类的黑盒子中。它可以使用自己的局部变量,例如item,以及类成员,例如gameOption。但是世界的变量并不是黑匣子。

其他错误只是第一个错误的结果。例如,在你的语句lib.insertGame(name, platform, atoi(copies));中,因为编译器不知道lib是什么,他抱怨,因为他不知道他能用一个它不知道的对象做什么。

collection[numGames].copies还有另一个问题,即您已在课程中定义为c-string,但尝试像int一样进行管理。

您还有结构性问题。这不是错误,但这是一个坏习惯 如果将一个类放在标题中,则应该只放置它的声明(数据成员和函数声明)而不是函数定义。

解决方案

首先简化 Game.h标题,如下所示:

#ifndef GAME_H_
#define GAME_H_

#include "Media.h"
using namespace std;

class Library;  // forward declaration, will dbe detailed later 
class Game : public Media{  // no code 
public:
    char platform[45];
    char gameOption, name[30];   
    int copies;    // change to numeric 

    void GameMenu(Library& lib);  // pass an argument called lib by reference
};
#endif // end of "#ifndef" block 

然后将代码放入Game.cpp文件

#include "Game.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#include "Library.h"

void Game::GameMenu(Library& lib)  // now he knows lib. 
{
    ...  // put your code here
    cin>>copies;   //  instead of getline() 
    lib.insertGame(name, platform, copies);  // no atoi() anymore, its already an int 
    ...
}

现在考虑一下代码的整体结构:目前,3.cpp中有一个菜单,Game中有一个菜单。它是Library中的逻辑,因为这些菜单功能实际上是关于管理库对象。它在Game中没有多大意义,但由您自己选择。

最后,如果您正在学习c ++,我强烈建议您删除c[]个字符串,strcpy()strcmp()等,并选择c ++ {{1} }