我使用Spring Data JPA（版本为1.7.2.RELEASE）和MySQL 5.5。
以下是我的表格的简化版本：
CREATE TABLE `station` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `name_UNIQUE` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1$$
CREATE TABLE `ticket` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`trip_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`wagon_number` tinyint(4) unsigned NOT NULL,
`place_number` tinyint(4) unsigned NOT NULL,
`departure_station_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`arrival_station_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `departure_trip_station_fk_idx` (`trip_id`,`departure_station_id`),
KEY `arrival_trip_station_fk_idx` (`trip_id`,`arrival_station_id`),
CONSTRAINT `arrival_trip_station_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`trip_id`, `arrival_station_id`) REFERENCES `trip_station` (`trip_id`, `station_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
CONSTRAINT `departure_trip_station_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`trip_id`, `departure_station_id`) REFERENCES `trip_station` (`trip_id`, `station_id`),
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1$$
CREATE TABLE `train` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`number` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
`enabled` bit(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT b'1',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1$$
CREATE TABLE `train_station` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`train_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`station_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`departure_time` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL,
`arrival_time` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `train_station_uq` (`train_id`,`station_id`),
KEY `train_id_idx` (`train_id`),
KEY `id_idx` (`station_id`),
KEY `station_fk_idx` (`station_id`),
CONSTRAINT `station_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`station_id`) REFERENCES `station` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT `train_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`train_id`) REFERENCES `train` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1$$
CREATE TABLE `trip` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`train_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`departure_date` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `train_id` (`train_id`),
CONSTRAINT `timetable_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`train_id`) REFERENCES `train` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=246 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1$$
CREATE TABLE `trip_station` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`train_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`station_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`trip_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`arrival_date` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
`departure_date` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `trip_station_uq` (`trip_id`,`station_id`),
KEY `trip_fk_idx` (`trip_id`),
KEY `train_station_fk_idx` (`train_id`,`station_id`),
CONSTRAINT `train_station_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`train_id`, `station_id`) REFERENCES `train_station` (`train_id`, `station_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT `trip_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`trip_id`) REFERENCES `trip` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1$$
以下是我的实体：
@Entity
@Getter
@Setter
public class Station {
@Id
private long id;
@Basic
private String name;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "station", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Collection<TrainStation> stationTrains;
}
@Entity
@Getter
@Setter
public class Ticket {
@Id
private long id;
@Basic
@Column(name = "place_number")
private byte placeNumber;
@Basic
@Column(name = "wagon_number")
private byte wagonNumber;
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumns({
@JoinColumn(name = "trip_id", referencedColumnName = "trip_id", nullable = false),
@JoinColumn(name = "departure_station_id", referencedColumnName = "station_id", nullable = false)
})
private TripStation departureTripStation;
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumns({
@JoinColumn(name = "trip_id", referencedColumnName = "trip_id", nullable = false),
@JoinColumn(name = "arrival_station_id", referencedColumnName = "station_id", nullable = false)
})
private TripStation arrivalTripStation;
}
@Entity
@Getter
@Setter
public class Train {
@Id
private long id;
@Basic
private int number;
@Basic
private String name;
@Basic
@Column(name = "enabled", columnDefinition = "BIT", length = 1)
private boolean enabled;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "train", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private List<TrainStation> trainStations;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "train", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private List<Trip> trips;
}
@Entity
@Table(name = "train_station", schema = "", catalog = "rail_db",
uniqueConstraints = @UniqueConstraint(columnNames = { "train_id", "station_id" })
)
@Getter
@Setter
public class TrainStation {
@Id
private long id;
@Basic
@Column(name = "departure_time")
private int departureTime;
@Basic
@Column(name = "arrival_time")
private int arrivalTime;
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name = "train_id", referencedColumnName = "id", nullable = false)
private Train train;
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name = "station_id", referencedColumnName = "id", nullable = false)
private Station station;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "trainStation", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Collection<TripStation> tripStations;
}
@Entity
@Getter
@Setter
public class Trip {
@Id
private long id;
@Basic
@Type(type="org.jadira.usertype.dateandtime.joda.PersistentDateTime")
@Column(name = "departure_date")
private DateTime departureDate;
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name = "train_id", referencedColumnName = "id", nullable = false)
private Train train;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "trip", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Collection<TripStation> tripStations;
}
@Entity
@Table(name = "trip_station", schema = "", catalog = "rail_db",
uniqueConstraints = @UniqueConstraint(columnNames = { "trip_id", "station_id" })
)
@Getter
@Setter
public class TripStation {
@Id
private long id;
@Basic
@Type(type="org.jadira.usertype.dateandtime.joda.PersistentDateTime")
@Column(name = "arrival_date")
private DateTime arrivalDate;
@Basic
@Type(type="org.jadira.usertype.dateandtime.joda.PersistentDateTime")
@Column(name = "departure_date")
private DateTime departureDate;
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name = "trip_id", referencedColumnName = "id", nullable = false)
private Trip trip;
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumns({
@JoinColumn(name = "train_id", referencedColumnName = "train_id", nullable = false),
@JoinColumn(name = "station_id", referencedColumnName = "station_id", nullable = false)
})
private TrainStation trainStation;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "departureTripStation", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Collection<Ticket> departureTickets;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "arrivalTripStation", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Collection<Ticket> arrivalTickets;
}
如您所见，我的表包含代理主键和复合自然键（例如trip_station具有UNIQUE KEY trip_station_uq（trip_id，station_id））。
对于实体之间的关系，我使用复合自然键，因为它们反映了域的逻辑。
但后来我得到了这个运行时异常：
ERROR o.s.web.context.ContextLoader - Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in class path resource [com/xxx/rail/config/JpaConfig.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: default] Unable to build EntityManagerFactory
...
Caused by: org.hibernate.AnnotationException: referencedColumnNames(trip_id, station_id) of com.xxx.rail.domain.entity.Ticket.arrivalTripStation referencing com.xxx.rail.domain.entity.TripStation not mapped to a single property
...