我能够找到一个对象,其属性等于某个值。但我想从列表中获取对象(如果找到的对象是列表中的最后一个对象,那么之后的下一个对象应该是第一个对象)。类似的东西:
from pprint import pprint
class User(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
users = []
users.append(User("Peter"))
users.append(User("James"))
users.append(User("John"))
# find object that has attribute name equal to James
pprint(vars([user for user in users if user.name == "James"][0]))
pprint行的输出打印:
{'name': 'James'}
这是正确的。
我想问你如何在"James"
之后获取下一个对象,以及在"John"
应该返回"John"
之后我是否会搜索"Peter"
下一个对象。建议?
我也试过了itertools
,但是如果找到的元素是最后一个,我就无法得到下一个元素:
from itertools import enumerate
_i = next(i for i, user in enumerate(users) if (user.name == "John"))
print users[_i + 1] #this is not working
我可以在操作[_i+1]
之前添加if条件来更改计数器,但我想知道是否有更平滑的解决方案吗?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
要处理最后一个元素,您可以使用modulo:index % len(users)
。
这是一种方式:
def find_after_name(users, name):
for i, user in enumerate(users):
if user.name == name:
return users[(i+1) % len(users)]
另一个选项是zip
带有列表移位副本的列表。 deque.rotate()
对此类转变非常有用:
from collections import deque
def find_after_name(users, name):
users2 = deque(users)
users2.rotate(-1)
for user1, user2 in zip(users1, users2):
if user1.name == name:
return user2
答案 1 :(得分:1)
既然您已选择使用OOP,为什么不实现从内置列表类继承的UserList类?
class User(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __str__(self):
return repr(self)
def __repr__(self):
return "User('{0}')".format(self.name)
class UserList(list):
def find(self, name):
for k, user in enumerate(self):
if user.name == name:
return k, user
def next_to(self, name):
"""get user next to the one of name (e.g. 'James')"""
index, user = self.find(name)
next_to_index = self.get_next_to_index(index)
return self[next_to_index]
def get_next_to_index(self, index):
next_to_index = index + 1
if next_to_index == len(self):
# meaning index is already the last element, need to reset index
next_to_index = 0
return next_to_index
users = UserList()
users.append(User("Peter"))
users.append(User("James"))
users.append(User("John"))
print users.find('James')
print users.next_to('James')
print users.next_to('John')
输出:
(1, User('James'))
User('John')
User('Peter')
答案 2 :(得分:1)
对于踢,我想看看是否有一个itertools解决方案:
from itertools import dropwhile
def find_after_name(users, name):
for i, _ in dropwhile(lambda eu: eu[1].name != name, enumerate(users)):
return users[(i+1) % len(users)]
注意:确实应该有一个list.index(value,key = None)方法,其中key就像list.sort()的key参数。然后你可以做这样的事情:
index = users.index("John", key=lambda u: u.name)
答案 3 :(得分:1)
解决方案扩展列表类:
class extended_list(list):
def index(self, value, key=None):
if key is None:
return super().index(self, value)
try:
return next(i for i,o in enumerate(self) if value == key(o))
except StopIteration:
raise ValueError("{} is not in list".format(repr(value)))
def find_after_name(users, name):
i = extended_list(users).index(name, key=lambda u: u.name)
return users[(i+1) % len(users)]