除非初始化变量，否则如何拒绝switch-case运行

Question

我正在创建一个非常基本的登录系统来测试switch-case，但是我遇到了一个问题，即除非初始化变量，否则情况2无法运行。在我的程序案例1中创建了一个帐户，案例2正在登录该帐户。但是，案例2可以立即访问，但除非已创建帐户的详细信息，否则不会运行。我正在寻找一种拒绝访问案例2的方法，除非案例1首先完成。这可能吗？这是我的登录系统;

public class User {

private static Scanner in;

public static void main(String[] args) {

    in = new Scanner(System.in);

    int userChoice;

    boolean quit = false;

    do {

        System.out.println("1. Create Account");

        System.out.println("2. Login");

        System.out.print("3. Quit");

        userChoice = in.nextInt();

        switch (userChoice) {

        case 1:

            String firstName;
            String secondName;
            String email;
            String username;
            String password;

            System.out.print("Enter your first name: ");

            firstName = in.nextLine();

            System.out.println("Enter your second name:");

            secondName = in.nextLine();

            System.out.println("Enter your email address:");

            email = in.nextLine();

            System.out.println("Enter chosen username:");

            username = in.nextLine();

            System.out.println("Enter chosen password:");

            password = in.nextLine();

            break;

        case 2:

            String enteredUsername;
            String enteredPassword;

            System.out.print("Enter Username:");

            enteredUsername = in.nextLine();

            System.out.print("Enter Password:");

            enteredPassword = in.nextLine();

            if (enteredUsername == username && enteredPassword == password) {

                System.out.println("Login Successfull!");
            }

            else

                System.out.println("Login Failed!");

            break;

        case 3:

            quit = true;

            break;

        default:

            System.out.println("Wrong choice.");

            break;

        }

        System.out.println();

    } while (!quit);

    System.out.println("Bye!");

  }
}

我目前收到此错误;

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.Error: Unresolved compilation problems: 
The local variable username may not have been initialized
The local variable password may not have been initialized

at User.main(User.java:68)

Answer 1

你的范围有问题。

所以你有：

case 1:

    String firstName;
    String secondName;
    String email;
    String username;
    String password;

问题是，案例2：在案例1中看不到用户名：因为它无法获得它。所以你应该在switch语句之前声明这些，这样你的代码就是这样的：

do {

        System.out.println("1. Create Account");

        System.out.println("2. Login");

        System.out.print("3. Quit");

        userChoice = in.nextInt();
        String firstName ="";
        String secondName ="";
        String email ="";
        String username ="";


        String password ="";

        switch (userChoice) {
    case 1:

你会注意到我在字符串中添加了一个=“”，因为即使它们是空的，你也应该初始化它们。

字符串现在在switch语句之外声明，因此现在可以通过switch语句中的所有内容访问它们。

希望有所帮助。

Answer 2

首先，您需要在while循环之外声明您的帐户变量，否则每次while循环运行时都会重新初始化它们。

其次，您可以先将变量手动初始化为null，然后在案例2中检查。

最后，您混合了nextInt()和nextLine()的使用情况，这会导致扫描程序出现一些奇怪的UI问题。这是一个更正版本。

也不要使用==。

来比较String

import java.util.*;

public class User {
    private static Scanner in;
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        in = new Scanner(System.in);

        int userChoice;

        boolean quit = false;
        String firstName = null;
        String secondName = null;
        String email = null;
        String username = null;
        String password = null;

        do {

            System.out.println("1. Create Account");
            System.out.println("2. Login");
            System.out.println("3. Quit");
            userChoice = Integer.parseInt(in.nextLine());

            switch (userChoice) {

                case 1:
                    System.out.print("Enter your first name: ");
                    firstName = in.nextLine();
                    System.out.println("Enter your second name:");
                    secondName = in.nextLine();
                    System.out.println("Enter your email address:");
                    email = in.nextLine();
                    System.out.println("Enter chosen username:");
                    username = in.nextLine();
                    System.out.println("Enter chosen password:");
                    password = in.nextLine();

                    break;

                case 2:

                    String enteredUsername;
                    String enteredPassword;

                    System.out.print("Enter Username:");
                    enteredUsername = in.nextLine();
                    System.out.print("Enter Password:");
                    enteredPassword = in.nextLine();
                    if (username != null && password != null && enteredUsername.equals ( username) && enteredPassword.equals (password))
                        System.out.println("Login Successfull!");
                    else
                        System.out.println("Login Failed!");

                    break;

                case 3:
                    quit = true;
                    break;
                default:
                    System.out.println("Wrong choice.");
                    break;
            }

            System.out.println();

        } while (!quit);

        System.out.println("Bye!");

    }
}

Answer 3

正如编译器所说，你需要初始化一个局部变量，但主要的问题是你必须在switch块之外声明这些变量。并初始化它至少为null或＆＃34;＆＃34;。

import java.util.Scanner;
public class User {

private static Scanner in;

public static void main(String[] args) {

    in = new Scanner(System.in);

    int userChoice;

    boolean quit = false;

    do {

        System.out.println("1. Create Account");

        System.out.println("2. Login");

        System.out.print("3. Quit");

        userChoice = in.nextInt();

        String username = null;  // MOVE HERE -------------
        String password = null;

        switch (userChoice) {

        case 1:

            String firstName;
            String secondName;
            String email;

            System.out.print("Enter your first name: ");

            firstName = in.nextLine();

            System.out.println("Enter your second name:");

            secondName = in.nextLine();

            System.out.println("Enter your email address:");

            email = in.nextLine();

            System.out.println("Enter chosen username:");

            username = in.nextLine();

            System.out.println("Enter chosen password:");

            password = in.nextLine();

            break;

        case 2:

            String enteredUsername;
            String enteredPassword;

            System.out.print("Enter Username:");

            enteredUsername = in.nextLine();

            System.out.print("Enter Password:");

            enteredPassword = in.nextLine();

            if (enteredUsername == username && enteredPassword == password) {

                System.out.println("Login Successfull!");
            }

            else

                System.out.println("Login Failed!");

            break;

        case 3:

            quit = true;

            break;

        default:

            System.out.println("Wrong choice.");

            break;

        }

        System.out.println();

    } while (!quit);

    System.out.println("Bye!");

}

}

Answer 4

请尝试以下代码。在交换机外声明变量将起作用

import java.util.Scanner;

public class User {

private static Scanner in;

public static void main(String[] args) {

in = new Scanner(System.in);

int userChoice;

boolean quit = false;

String firstName = null;
String secondName = null;
String email = null;
String username = null;
String password = null;

String enteredUsername = null;
String enteredPassword = null;

do {

    System.out.println("1. Create Account");

    System.out.println("2. Login");

    System.out.print("3. Quit");

    userChoice = in.nextInt();

    switch (userChoice) {

    case 1:

        System.out.print("Enter your first name: ");

        do {
            firstName = in.nextLine();               

        }while(firstName == null || firstName.equals(""));


        System.out.println("Enter your second name:");

        secondName = in.nextLine();

        System.out.println("Enter your email address:");

        email = in.nextLine();

        System.out.println("Enter chosen username:");

        username = in.nextLine();

        System.out.println("Enter chosen password:");

        password = in.nextLine();

        break;

    case 2:
        System.out.print("Enter Username:");

        do {
            enteredUsername = in.nextLine();                

        }while(enteredUsername == null || enteredUsername.equals(""));

        System.out.print("Enter Password:");

        enteredPassword = in.nextLine();

        if (enteredUsername.equals(username) && enteredPassword.equals(password)) {

            System.out.println("Login Successfull!");
        }

        else

            System.out.println("Login Failed!");

        break;

    case 3:

        quit = true;

        break;

    default:

        System.out.println("Wrong choice.");

        break;

    }

    System.out.println();

} while (!quit);

System.out.println("Bye!");

 }
}