我已经获得了一堆软件包及其依赖项的源文件，我想在没有Internet访问权限的计算机上安装它们。我想使用USB记忆棒在其他计算机上安装所有这些，但是某些软件包的安装失败，因为在软件包之前没有安装依赖项。如何在需要它们的软件包之前按顺序安装依赖项？
这是我当前获取软件包及其依赖项的方法，并按正确的顺序获取它们：
# find the dependencies for the packages I want
# from http://stackoverflow.com/a/15650828/1036500
getPackages <- function(packs){
packages <- unlist(
tools::package_dependencies(packs, available.packages(),
which=c("Depends", "Imports"), recursive=TRUE)
)
packages <- union(packages, packs)
packages
}
# packages I want
my_packages <- c('stringr', 'devtools', 'ggplot2', 'dplyr', 'tidyr', 'rmarkdown', 'knitr', 'reshape2', 'gdata')
# get names of dependencies and try to get them in the right order, this seems ridiculous...
my_packages_and_dependencies <- getPackages(my_packages)
dependencies_only <- setdiff(my_packages_and_dependencies, my_packages)
deps_of_deps <- getPackages(dependencies_only)
deps_of_deps_of_deps <- getPackages(deps_of_deps)
my_packages_and_dependencies <- unique(c(deps_of_deps_of_deps, deps_of_deps, dependencies_only, my_packages))
# where to keep the source?
local_CRAN <- paste0(getwd(), "/local_CRAN")
# get them from CRAN, source files
download.packages(pkgs = my_packages_and_dependencies, destdir = local_CRAN, type = "source")
# note that 'tools', 'methods', 'utils, 'stats', etc. art not on CRAN, but are part of base
# from http://stackoverflow.com/a/10841614/1036500
library(tools)
write_PACKAGES(local_CRAN)
现在假设我在另一台安装了R和RStudio（以及Rtools或Xcode）并且没有互联网连接的计算机上，我插入USB记忆棒，打开RProj文件来设置工作目录，运行这个脚本：
#############################################################
## Install from source (Windows/OSX/Linux)
# What do I want to install?
my_packages_and_dependencies <- c("methods", "tools", "bitops", "stats", "colorspace", "graphics",
"tcltk", "Rcpp", "digest", "jsonlite", "mime", "RCurl", "R6",
"stringr", "brew", "grid", "RColorBrewer", "dichromat", "munsell",
"plyr", "labeling", "grDevices", "utils", "httr", "memoise",
"whisker", "evaluate", "rstudioapi", "roxygen2", "gtable", "scales",
"proto", "MASS", "assertthat", "magrittr", "lazyeval", "DBI",
"stringi", "yaml", "htmltools", "caTools", "formatR", "highr",
"markdown", "gtools", "devtools", "ggplot2", "dplyr", "tidyr",
"rmarkdown", "knitr", "reshape2", "gdata")
# where are the source files?
local_CRAN <- paste0(getwd(), "/local_CRAN")
# scan all packages and get files names of wanted source pckgs
# I've got other things in this dir also
wanted_package_source_filenames <- list.files(local_CRAN, pattern = "tar.gz", full.names = TRUE)
# put them in order to make sure deps go first, room for improvement here...
trims <- c(local_CRAN, "/", "tar.gz")
x1 <- gsub(paste(trims, collapse = "|"), "", wanted_package_source_filenames)
x2 <- sapply( strsplit(x1, "_"), "[[", 1)
idx <- match(my_packages_and_dependencies, x2)
wanted_package_source_filenames <- na.omit(wanted_package_source_filenames[idx])
install.packages(wanted_package_source_filenames,
repos = NULL,
dependencies = TRUE,
contrib.url = local_CRAN, # I thought this would take care of getting dependencies automatically...
type = "source" )
这种方法运行得相当不错，但仍有一些软件包无法安装：
sapply(my_packages_and_dependencies, require, character.only = TRUE)
methods tools bitops stats
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
colorspace graphics tcltk Rcpp
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
digest jsonlite mime RCurl
TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE
R6 stringr brew grid
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
RColorBrewer dichromat munsell plyr
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
labeling grDevices utils httr
TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE
memoise whisker evaluate rstudioapi
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
roxygen2 gtable scales proto
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
MASS assertthat magrittr lazyeval
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
DBI stringi yaml htmltools
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
caTools formatR highr markdown
TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE
gtools devtools ggplot2 dplyr
TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE
tidyr rmarkdown knitr reshape2
FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE
gdata
TRUE
Warning messages:
1: In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘RCurl’
2: In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘httr’
3: In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘devtools’
4: In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘ggplot2’
5: In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘tidyr’
6: In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘rmarkdown’
似乎knitr必须在rmarkdown之前，在tidyr和ggplot2之前重新塑造等等。
对于以非常特定的顺序获取源文件列表的问题，必须有一个更简单，更完整的解决方案，需要以正确的顺序放置所有依赖项。最简单的方法是什么（不使用任何贡献包）？
这是我目前正在开发的系统，我正在使用软件包的源代码，试图为离线计算机（OSX / Linux / Windows）做任何准备：
> sessionInfo()
R version 3.1.2 (2014-10-31)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252
attached base packages:
[1] tcltk grid tools stats graphics
[6] grDevices utils datasets methods base
other attached packages:
[1] gdata_2.13.3 reshape2_1.4.1
[3] knitr_1.9 dplyr_0.4.1
[5] gtools_3.4.1 markdown_0.7.4
[7] highr_0.4 formatR_1.0
[9] caTools_1.17.1 htmltools_0.2.6
[11] yaml_2.1.13 stringi_0.4-1
[13] DBI_0.3.1 lazyeval_0.1.10
[15] magrittr_1.5 assertthat_0.1
[17] proto_0.3-10 scales_0.2.4
[19] gtable_0.1.2 roxygen2_4.1.0
[21] rstudioapi_0.2 evaluate_0.5.5
[23] whisker_0.3-2 memoise_0.2.1
[25] labeling_0.3 plyr_1.8.1
[27] munsell_0.4.2 dichromat_2.0-0
[29] RColorBrewer_1.1-2 brew_1.0-6
[31] stringr_0.6.2 R6_2.0.1
[33] mime_0.2 jsonlite_0.9.14
[35] digest_0.6.8 Rcpp_0.11.4
[37] colorspace_1.2-5 bitops_1.0-6
[39] MASS_7.3-35
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] parallel_3.1.2
编辑关注Andrie的有用评论，我已经开始使用miniCRAN了，小插图中缺少的是如何实际安装软件包当地的回购。这就是我尝试过的：
library("miniCRAN")
# Specify list of packages to download
pkgs <- c('stringr', 'devtools', 'ggplot2', 'dplyr', 'tidyr', 'rmarkdown', 'knitr', 'reshape2', 'gdata')
# Make list of package URLs
revolution <- c(CRAN="http://cran.revolutionanalytics.com")
pkgList <- pkgDep(pkgs, repos=revolution, type="source" )
pkgList
# Set location to store source files
local_CRAN <- paste0(getwd(), "/local_CRAN")
# Make repo for source
makeRepo(pkgList, path = local_CRAN, repos = revolution, type = "source")
# install...
install.packages(pkgs,
repos = local_CRAN, # do I really need "file:///"?
dependencies = TRUE,
contrib.url = local_CRAN,
type = "source" )
结果是：
Installing packages into ‘C:/emacs/R/win-library/3.1’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
Warning in install.packages :
unable to access index for repository C:/Users/.../local_CRAN/src/contrib
Warning in install.packages :
packages ‘stringr’, ‘devtools’, ‘ggplot2’, ‘dplyr’, ‘tidyr’, ‘rmarkdown’, ‘knitr’, ‘reshape2’, ‘gdata’ are not available (for R version 3.1.2)
我在这里缺少什么？
编辑是的，我错过了file:///的正确使用，应该是这样的：
install.packages(pkgs,
repos = paste0("file:///", local_CRAN),
type = "source")
这让我感动不已，现在基本上按预期工作了。非常感谢。现在我只需要查看：fatal error: curl/curl.h: No such file or directory，它将停止RCurl和httr的安装。
答案 0 :(得分：13)
包miniCRAN可以帮助解决这个问题。您告诉miniCRAN您想要安装的软件包列表，然后计算出依赖关系，下载这些软件包并在本地计算机上创建一个类似CRAN的存储库，即它尊重install.packages()等
更多信息：
阅读vignette
我们正在积极开发miniCRAN。跟踪进度并在github miniCRAN repository
有关演示文稿，博客文章等的链接，请参阅project wiki
要从本地miniCRAN存储库安装，您有两种选择。
首先，您可以使用URI约定file:///。 e.g。
install.packages("ggplot2", repos="file:///path/to/file/")
或者，您可以将目标配置为HTTP服务器，并通过URL使您的存储库可用。在这种情况下，您的本地存储库外观和感觉就像一个CRAN镜像，除了它只包含您想要的包。