我正在尝试创建depth-first算法来分配完成时间(顶点无法再展开的时间),这些算法用于Kosaraju's algorithm之类的内容。我能够相当容易地创建DFS的递归版本,但是我很难将其转换为迭代版本。
我正在使用邻接列表来表示图形:顶点的字典。例如,输入图{1: [0, 4], 2: [1, 5], 3: [1], 4: [1, 3], 5: [2, 4], 6: [3, 4, 7, 8], 7: [5, 6], 8: [9], 9: [6, 11], 10: [9], 11: [10]}
表示边(1,0),(1,4),(2,1),(2,5)等。以下是使用的迭代DFS的实现一个简单的堆栈(LIFO),但它不计算完成时间。我遇到的一个关键问题是,由于顶点被弹出,一旦顶点完全展开,算法就无法追溯其路径(与递归不同)。我该如何解决这个问题?
def dfs(graph, vertex, finish, explored):
global count
stack = []
stack.append(vertex)
while len(stack) != 0:
vertex = stack.pop()
if explored[vertex] == False:
explored[vertex] = True
#add all outgoing edges to stack:
if vertex in graph: #check if key exists in hash -- since not all vertices have outgoing edges
for v in graph[vertex]:
stack.append(v)
#this doesn't assign finishing times, it assigns the times when vertices are discovered:
#finish[count] = vertex
#count += 1
N.b。还有一个外部循环补充了DFS - 但是,我不认为问题出在那里:
#outer loop:
for vertex in range(size, 0, -1):
if explored[vertex] == False:
dfs(hGraph, vertex, finish, explored)
答案 0 :(得分:6)
将您的堆栈视为一堆任务,而不是顶点。您需要执行两种类型的任务。您需要扩展顶点,并且需要添加完成时间。
当您扩展顶点时,首先添加计算完成时间的任务,然后添加扩展每个子顶点。
当您添加完成时间时,您可以知道扩展已完成。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
这是一个在迭代子例程中使用两个堆栈的工作解决方案。数组traceBack
包含已经探索过的顶点,并与互补的2D数组stack
相关联,该数组包含尚未被探索的边数组。这两个数组是相互关联的;当我们向traceBack
添加元素时,我们也会添加stack
(与弹出元素相同)。
count = 0
def outerLoop(hGraph, N):
explored = [False for iii in range(N+1)]
finish = {}
for vertex in range(N, -1, -1):
if explored[vertex] == False:
dfs(vertex, hGraph, explored, finish)
return finish
def dfs(vertex, graph, explored, finish):
global count
stack = [[]] #stack contains the possible edges to explore
traceBack = []
traceBack.append(vertex)
while len(stack) > 0:
explored[vertex] = True
try:
for n in graph[vertex]:
if explored[n] == False:
if n not in stack[-1]: #to prevent double adding (when we backtrack to previous vertex)
stack[-1].append(n)
else:
if n in stack[-1]: #make sure num exists in array before removing
stack[-1].remove(n)
except IndexError: pass
if len(stack[-1]) == 0: #if current stack is empty then there are no outgoing edges:
finish[count] = traceBack.pop() #thus, we can add finishing times
count += 1
if len(traceBack) > 0: #to prevent popping empty array
vertex = traceBack[-1]
stack.pop()
else:
vertex = stack[-1][-1] #pick last element in top of stack to be new vertex
stack.append([])
traceBack.append(vertex)
答案 2 :(得分:0)
这是一种方式。每当我们遇到以下情况时,我们会进行回调或标记时间,
这是代码,
var dfs_with_finishing_time = function(graph, start, cb) {
var explored = [];
var parent = [];
var i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < graph.length; i++) {
if(i in explored)
continue;
explored[i] = 1;
var stack = [i];
parent[i] = -1;
var last_parent = -1;
while(stack.length) {
var u = stack.pop();
var k = 0;
var no_way = true;
for(k = 0; k < graph.length; k++) {
if(k in explored)
continue;
if(!graph[u][k])
continue;
stack.push(k);
explored[k] = 1;
parent[k] = u;
no_way = false;
}
if(no_way) {
cb(null, u+1); // no way, reversed post-ordering (finishing time)
}
if(last_parent != parent[u] && last_parent != -1) {
cb(null, last_parent+1); // parent change, reversed post-ordering (finishing time)
}
last_parent = parent[u];
}
if(last_parent != -1) {
cb(null, last_parent+1); // tree end, reversed post-ordering (finishing time)
}
}
}