Question

我需要计算中位数。我被告知最好的方法是在这个特定的应用程序中使用优先级队列。我不知道如何继续。我真的很感激任何帮助。

Answer 1

这应该这样做。保持两个优先级队列的数字大于和小于中值。在两个队列之间移动值，使它们保持平衡或接近平衡，并根据优先级队列的最高值定义中值。

#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <functional>
#include <limits>
#include <iostream>

template<class T>
class RunningMedian {
 private:
  //Values greater than the median sorted so that smallest is on top
  std::priority_queue<T, std::vector<T>, std::greater<T> > upper;
  //Values smaller than the median sorted so that greatest is on top
  std::priority_queue<T, std::vector<T>, std::less<T> > lower;

 public:
  RunningMedian(){
    //Seed the queues
    upper.push(std::numeric_limits<T>::max());
    lower.push (std::numeric_limits<T>::min());
  }
  void push(T val){
    //Add number to the property queue

    //If number is greater than the least upper number, it is an upper number
    if(val>=upper.top())
      upper.push(val);
    else //Otherwise it is a lower number
      lower.push(val);

    //Rebalance
    //If the queues sizes differ by 2, they need to be rebalanced so that they
    //differ by 1.
    if(upper.size()-lower.size()==2){ //Upper queue is larger
      lower.push(upper.top());        //Move value from upper to lower
      upper.pop();                    //Remove same value from upper
    } else if(lower.size()-upper.size()==2){ //Lower queue is larger
      upper.push(lower.top());               //Move value from lower to upper
      lower.pop();                           //Remove same value
    }
  }

  T getMedian() const {
    if(upper.size()==lower.size())               //Upper and lower are same size
      return(upper.top()+lower.top())/((T)2.0);  //so median is average of least upper and greatest lower
    else if(upper.size()>lower.size())           //Upper size greater
      return upper.top();
    else                                         //Lower size greater
      return lower.top();
  }
};

int main(){
  RunningMedian<int> rm;
  rm.push(10);
  rm.push(3);
  rm.push(1);
  rm.push(20);
  rm.push(5);
  rm.push(8);
  rm.push(-1);
  std::cout<<rm.getMedian()<<std::endl; //Gives 5
}

使用优先级队列计算中值

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