JavaScript - 如何获取外部onload函数中定义的变量?

时间:2015-03-02 15:17:07

标签: javascript

我想在html页面中获取所有输入元素。我试过这个:

window.onload = function(){
    input = document.querySelectorAll("input");
}

但是,当我在onload之外用警报功能检查它时,它没有做任何事情

alert(input.length) // doesn't do anything

如果我使用它,这将为我提供html页面中输入元素的数量。

window.onload = function(){
    input = document.querySelectorAll("input");
    alert(input.length);
}

这意味着我无法在外面访问它。我怎样才能在外面访问它?

更新

这就是html页面的样子:

<html>
<head>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="actions.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <label for="name">Name:</label><br/>
    <input type="text" id="name" /><br/>
    <label for="address">Address:</label><br/>
    <input type="text" id="address" /><br/>
    <label for="email">E-mail:</label><br/>
    <input type="text" id="email" />
</body>
</html>

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

有几种方法可以做到。

危险之路

var input; // Input declared outside
window.onload = function(){
    input = document.querySelectorAll("input");
}
// Sometime later...
alert(input.length);

这假设Sometime later...window.onload被解雇后神奇地发生,这可能是也可能不是,你无法保证。

Hacky Way

您可以确保在页面底部找到所有<script>元素。这消除了对window.onload的需求,但正如我所说的那样,它很糟糕。包含顺序无关紧要。

承诺的方式

使用ES6(或像bluebird这样的库),你有Promises!所以你可以这样做:

/**
 * Returns a promise the resolves when window fires the load event
 */
function onload() {
    return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
        // Resolve if window is already loaded by the time this is called.
        if (document.readyState === 'complete') { return resolve(); }
        // If reached here, window not loaded. Resolve when it is.
        window.addEventListener('load', resolve);
    }
}

然后你可以打电话......

var inputAvailable = onload().then(function() {
    var input = document.querySelectorAll('input');
    return input;
});
// inputAvailable is a Promise object that resolves once querySelectorAll()
// is executed and the result returned. It resolves with the returned value.

还有其他地方......

// The handler passed to .then will be called once inputAvailable resolves.
// Which is always after querySelectorAll() was executed.
inputAvailable.then(function(inputs) {
    alert(inputs.length);
});

答案 1 :(得分:0)

引用HTML页面底部的脚本标记,而不是头部。这将消除页面是否已加载的任何歧义。

window.onload = function(){
    input = document.querySelectorAll("input");
    alert(input.length);
}

现在您应该能够从“window.load()”中提取代码并获得预期的结果。

input = document.querySelectorAll("input");
alert(input.length);