我有两个模型,Item和Category,由连接表连接。我想查询Item以仅查找与类别列表匹配的项目。我的模型看起来像:
class Item < ActiveRecord::Base
has_and_belongs_to_many :categories
end
class Category < ActiveRecord::Base
has_and_belongs_to_many :items
end
我可以轻松找到与任何类别列表匹配的项目。以下内容将返回属于类别1,2或3的项目。
Item.includes(:categories).where(categories: {id:[1,2,3]})
我只想找到属于所有3个类别的项目。使用ActiveRecord实现此目的的最佳方法是什么?
我是否需要回退自己编写where条件,如果是这样,PostgreSQL的正确语法是什么?我尝试了各种各样的&#34; WHERE ALL IN(1,2,3)&#34;,但只是得到语法错误。
更新:
根据Find Products matching ALL Categories (Rails 3.1)接受的答案,我可以非常接近。
category_ids = [7,10,12,13,52,1162]
Item.joins(:categories).
where(categories: {id: category_ids}).
group('items.id').
having("count(categories_items.category_id) = #{category_ids.size}")
不幸的是,当链接.count
或.size
时,我会收回哈希而不是记录数:
{189 => 6, 3067 => 6, 406 => 6}
我可以计算结果哈希中的键来获得实际记录数,但这是一个非常不优雅的解决方案。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
对于ActiveRecord,您可以在Item类中放置这样的方法:
def self.with_all_categories(category_ids)
select(:id).distinct.
joins(:categories).
where('categories.id' => category_ids).
group(:id).
having('count(categories.id) = ?', category_ids.length)
end
然后您可以像这样过滤您的查询:
category_ids = [1,2,3]
Item.where(id: Item.with_all_categories(category_ids))
您还可以使用范围使其更友好:
class Item
scope :with_all_categories, ->(category_ids) { where(id: Item.ids_with_all_categories(category_ids)) }
def self.ids_with_all_categories(category_ids)
select(:id).distinct.
joins(:categories).
where('categories.id' => category_ids).
group(:id).
having('count(categories.id) = ?', category_ids.length)
end
end
Item.with_all_categories([1,2,3])
两者都会产生这个SQL
SELECT "items".*
FROM "items"
WHERE "items"."id" IN
(SELECT DISTINCT "items"."id"
FROM "items"
INNER JOIN "categories_items" ON "categories_items"."item_id" = "items"."id"
INNER JOIN "categories" ON "categories"."id" = "categories_items"."category_id"
WHERE "categories"."id" IN (1, 2, 3)
GROUP BY "items"."id"
HAVING count(categories.id) = 3)
您在技术上不需要该子查询的distinct
部分,但我不确定无论是否有更好的性能。
原始SQL中有几种方法
SELECT *
FROM items
WHERE items.id IN (
SELECT item_id
FROM categories_items
WHERE category_id IN (1,2,3)
GROUP BY item_id
HAVING COUNT(category_id) = 3
)
这将在SQL Server中起作用 - Postgres中的语法可能略有不同。或
SELECT *
FROM items
WHERE items.id IN (SELECT item_id FROM categories_items WHERE category_id = 1)
AND items.id IN (SELECT item_id FROM categories_items WHERE category_id = 2)
AND items.id IN (SELECT item_id FROM categories_items WHERE category_id = 3)
答案 1 :(得分:0)
这段代码怎么样
Item.all.joins(:categories).where(categories: { id: [1, 2, 3] })
SQL
SELECT
"items" . *
FROM
"items" INNER JOIN "categories_items"
ON "categories_items" . "item_id" = "items" . "id" INNER JOIN "categories"
ON "categories" . "id" = "categories_items" . "category_id"
WHERE
"categories" . "id" IN (
1
,2
,3
)
答案 2 :(得分:0)
我不能肯定地说,但这可能有效
categories = Category.find(1,2,3)
items = Item.includes(:categories)
items.select{|item| (categories-item.categories).blank?}
或只是
Item.all.select{|item| (Category.find(1,2,3)-item.categories).blank?}
答案 3 :(得分:0)
刚刚尝试了Alex对has_many的惊人建议:通过设置,它产生了一个令人惊讶的结果:当我查找具有完全[6,7,8]类别的项目时,它还返回与所有6,7,8类别相匹配的项目以及更多,即。具有[6,7,8, 9 ]类别的项目。
从技术上讲,它是基于代码的正确结果,因为having子句用于处理where子句的查询结果,因此来自Alex代码的having子句的所有可能的计数结果将是1或2或3,但是不是4或更多。
为了克服这种情况,我添加了一个类别计数器缓存并在having子句之前预先筛选了类别计数,因此它只返回了带有[6,7,8]类别(没有额外)的项目。
def self.with_exact_categories(category_ids)
self.
joins(:categories).
where('categories.id': category_ids).
where('items.categories_count = ?', category_ids.length).
group('items.id').
having('count(categories.id) = ?', category_ids.length)
end
对于预筛选类别计数,我不知道如何在where子句中使用聚合函数,但仍然很高兴得知计数器缓存仍然在Rails 4.21中工作。这是我的模型设置:
class Item < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :categories_items
has_many :categories, through: :categories_items
end
class CategoriesItem < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :category
belongs_to :item, counter_cache: :categories_count
end
class Category < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :categories_items, dependent: :destroy
has_many :items, through: :categories_items, dependent: :destroy
end
class AddCategoriesCountToItems < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
add_column :items, :categories_count, :integer, default: 0
end
end