Question

我写了一个awk脚本来解析日志文件的输出到exv的tsv，一切都运行正常。然后我想通过从字段中提取子字符串来向tsv添加一个列。但我不能为我的生活得到awk拉出那个子串，甚至将该字段赋给变量。我花了几个小时试图弄清楚发生了什么事无济于事。这是脚本的一部分让我感到沮丧：

                    printf("$0=%s\n", $0);
                    printf("$1=%s\n", $1);
                    printf("$2=%s\n", $2);
                    inputLine = $0;
                    cmd = $1;
                    wavFile = $2;
                    printf("inputLine=%s\n", $inputLine );
                    printf("cmd=%s\n", $cmd );
                    printf("wavFile=%s\n", $wavFile );
                    uScore = index($wavFile, "_" );
                    printf("uscore=%d\n", uScore );
                    ucNum = substr($wavFile, 9, 13 );
                    testPhrase = substr($2, index($2,"_")+1, length($2) );
                    printf("ucNUm = %s\n", $ucNum );
                    printf("testPhrase= %s\n", $testPhrase );

这是产生的输出：

$0=Loading uc60_why_is_that_blinking.wav
$1=Loading
$2=uc60_why_is_that_blinking.wav
inputLine=Loading uc60_why_is_that_blinking.wav
cmd=Loading uc60_why_is_that_blinking.wav
wavFile=Loading uc60_why_is_that_blinking.wav
uscore=13
ucNUm = Loading uc60_why_is_that_blinking.wav

我做错了什么？

感谢.....

感谢Ed的提示。我现在正确分配变量。但我仍然没有分配子串。这是更新的脚本：

                    printf("$0=%s\n", $0);
                    printf("$1=%s\n", $1);
                    printf("$2=%s\n", $2);
                    inputLine = 0;
                    cmd = 1;
                    wavFile = 2;
                    printf("inputLine=%s\n", $inputLine );
                    printf("cmd=%s\n", $cmd );
                    printf("wavFile=%s\n", $wavFile );
                    uScore = index($wavFile, "_" );
                    printf("uscore=%d\n", uScore );
                    ucNum = substr(wavFile, 1, $uScore );
                    testPhrase = substr(wavFile, $uScore+1, length($wavFile) );
                    printf("ucNum = %s\n", $ucNum );
                    printf("testPhrase= %s\n", $testPhrase );

和修改后的输出：

$0=Loading uc60_why_is_that_blinking.wav
$1=Loading
$2=uc60_why_is_that_blinking.wav
inputLine=Loading uc60_why_is_that_blinking.wav
cmd=Loading
wavFile=uc60_why_is_that_blinking.wav
uscore=5
ucNum = Loading uc60_why_is_that_blinking.wav
testPhrase= uc60_why_is_that_blinking.wav

我尝试用substr（wavFile，1，uScore）和substr（$ wavFile，1，$ uScore）提取ucNum字符串，但都没有提取子字符串。还有其他想法吗？

Answer 1

您在awk变量前面使用$，因此不可取地获取变量整数值引用的字段，而不仅仅是变量的值（或$0 if该变量未设置或其内容为非数字）。

$ echo "foo bar" | awk '{x=1;       print "[" x "]\t[" int(x) "]\t[" $x "]"}'
[1]     [1]     [foo]

$ echo "foo bar" | awk '{           print "[" y "]\t[" int(y) "]\t[" $y "]"}'
[]      [0]     [foo bar]

$ echo "foo bar" | awk '{z="stuff"; print "[" z "]\t[" int(z) "]\t[" $z "]"}'
[stuff] [0]     [foo bar]

查看代码并注意执行所需操作的print语句之间的区别：

printf("uscore=%d\n", uScore );

以及任何不包含的内容，例如：

printf("ucNUm = %s\n", $ucNum );

顺便说一句，落后的半冒号什么也没做，而且这些半身像并没有按照你的想法行事，也可能只是被删除了：

printf "ucNum = %s\n", ucNum

甚至只是：

print "ucNum =", ucNum

awk没有分配字符串或子串

1 个答案: