我正在编写代码a specification,它定义了没有打包的结构,例如:
struct LASHeader_1p2
{
char FileSig[4]; //= "LASF"; // 4
unsigned __int16 FileSource; // 2 6
unsigned __int16 Reserved_Unused; // 2 8
unsigned __int32 Project_ID_Data1; // 4 12
unsigned __int16 Project_ID_Data2; // 2 14
unsigned __int16 Project_ID_Data3; // 2 16
char Project_ID_Data4[8]; // 8 24
unsigned char Version_Major; // 1 25
unsigned char Version_Minor; // 1 26
char System_ID[32]; //32 58
char Software[32]; //32 90
unsigned __int16 FC_Day, FC_Year, Header_Size; // 2,2,2 96
unsigned __int32 Offset_to_Data; // 4 100 0x60
unsigned __int32 VarLenRecs; // 4 104 0x64
unsigned char Pt_DataFormat; // 1 105 0x65
unsigned __int16 Pt_DataRecLen; // 2 107 0x68
unsigned __int32 PointCount; // 4 111 0x6A
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_0; // 4 115
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_1; // 4 119
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_2; // 4 123
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_3; // 4 127
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_4; // 4 131
double Xscale; // 8 139
double Yscale; // 8 147
double Zscale; // 8 155
double Xoffset; // 8 163
double Yoffset; // 8 171
double Zoffset; // 8 179
double MaxX; // 8 187
double MinX; // 8 195
double MaxY; // 8 203
double MinY; // 8 211
double MaxZ; // 8 219
double MinZ; // 8 227
};
在unsigned char Pt_DataFormat;
左右,结构与默认值(4字节)不对齐。为了弥补这一点,我使用/ Zp1编译器选项来使用没有填充/对齐的结构。虽然可能更慢,但这允许我读取字节并解释为结构:
char* buffer = (char*)malloc(sizeof(LASHeader_1p2));
pReadStream.read(buffer ,sizeof(LASHeader_1p2));
LASHeader_1p2* Header = (LASHeader_1p2*)buffer;
我可以修改值然后以字节形式写入文件。唯一的另一个选择是将结构分成几个部分,这些部分将对齐并读取单个字节,这对我来说似乎有点狡猾。
然而,其他图书馆不喜欢/ Zp1,我怀疑它们包含内部填充结构,在未填充时不再运行。
我一直在关注pragma pack和__declspec(align()),但不确定哪种方法适合以及如何使用它们。
任何人都可以了解如何继续,阅读和转换结构而不填充,但保留其他需要它的库的填充?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
对于Visual Studio,您希望用以下内容包围结构:
#pragma pack(push, 1) //Save packing value and set to 1 byte
<struct definition>
#pragma pack(pop) //Reset to whatever the packing was before.
所以,这个:
#include <iostream>
#pragma pack(push, 1)
struct packed
{
char FileSig[4]; //= "LASF"; // 4
unsigned __int16 FileSource; // 2 6
unsigned __int16 Reserved_Unused; // 2 8
unsigned __int32 Project_ID_Data1; // 4 12
unsigned __int16 Project_ID_Data2; // 2 14
unsigned __int16 Project_ID_Data3; // 2 16
char Project_ID_Data4[8]; // 8 24
unsigned char Version_Major; // 1 25
unsigned char Version_Minor; // 1 26
char System_ID[32]; //32 58
char Software[32]; //32 90
unsigned __int16 FC_Day, FC_Year, Header_Size; // 2,2,2 96
unsigned __int32 Offset_to_Data; // 4 100 0x60
unsigned __int32 VarLenRecs; // 4 104 0x64
unsigned char Pt_DataFormat; // 1 105 0x65
unsigned __int16 Pt_DataRecLen; // 2 107 0x68
unsigned __int32 PointCount; // 4 111 0x6A
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_0; // 4 115
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_1; // 4 119
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_2; // 4 123
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_3; // 4 127
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_4; // 4 131
double Xscale; // 8 139
double Yscale; // 8 147
double Zscale; // 8 155
double Xoffset; // 8 163
double Yoffset; // 8 171
double Zoffset; // 8 179
double MaxX; // 8 187
double MinX; // 8 195
double MaxY; // 8 203
double MinY; // 8 211
double MaxZ; // 8 219
double MinZ; // 8 227
};
#pragma pack(pop)
struct unpacked
{
char FileSig[4]; //= "LASF"; // 4
unsigned __int16 FileSource; // 2 6
unsigned __int16 Reserved_Unused; // 2 8
unsigned __int32 Project_ID_Data1; // 4 12
unsigned __int16 Project_ID_Data2; // 2 14
unsigned __int16 Project_ID_Data3; // 2 16
char Project_ID_Data4[8]; // 8 24
unsigned char Version_Major; // 1 25
unsigned char Version_Minor; // 1 26
char System_ID[32]; //32 58
char Software[32]; //32 90
unsigned __int16 FC_Day, FC_Year, Header_Size; // 2,2,2 96
unsigned __int32 Offset_to_Data; // 4 100 0x60
unsigned __int32 VarLenRecs; // 4 104 0x64
unsigned char Pt_DataFormat; // 1 105 0x65
unsigned __int16 Pt_DataRecLen; // 2 107 0x68
unsigned __int32 PointCount; // 4 111 0x6A
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_0; // 4 115
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_1; // 4 119
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_2; // 4 123
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_3; // 4 127
unsigned __int32 Point_by_Return_4; // 4 131
double Xscale; // 8 139
double Yscale; // 8 147
double Zscale; // 8 155
double Xoffset; // 8 163
double Yoffset; // 8 171
double Zoffset; // 8 179
double MaxX; // 8 187
double MinX; // 8 195
double MaxY; // 8 203
double MinY; // 8 211
double MaxZ; // 8 219
double MinZ; // 8 227
};
int main()
{
std::cout << "sizeof(packed) = " << sizeof(packed) << "\n";
std::cout << "sizeof(unpacked) = " << sizeof(unpacked) << "\n";
return 0;
}
输出
sizeof(packed) = 227
sizeof(unpacked) = 232
如果你愿意,你甚至可以嵌套它们并给出不同级别的名字,但我很少这么做。文档为here。