为了练习并更好地理解for
循环,我设计了一个计算给定数字的阶乘的函数。除了迭代器(循环变量)的作用之外,我得到了很多东西。
这是我设计的功能:
def main():
print("This program computes the factorial of a number!")
n = eval(input("Enter a whole number: "))
fact = 1
for factor in range(n, 1, -1):
fact = fact * factor
print("The factorial of {} is {}!".format(n, fact))
main()
当我运行6的阶乘程序时,该函数打印:
The factorial of
的 6
is 720!
我想了解程序用户给出的输入n
对迭代器(循环变量)factor
的作用和关系是什么?
为了测试这个,我删除了迭代器(循环变量)factor
并用输入变量n
替换它。
def main():
print("This program computes the factorial of a number!")
n = eval(input("Enter a whole number: "))
fact = 1
for n in range(n, 1, -1):
fact = fact * n
print("The factorial of {} is {}!".format(n, fact))
main()
当我运行与前一段代码相同的6
阶乘的程序时,该函数会打印:
The factorial of
的 2
is 720!
当我要求Python计算相同的阶乘数时,为什么我会得到两个不同的答案。显然,后一段代码有些不对,我认为这与输入变量n
和迭代器(循环变量)factor
之间的关系有关。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
从您的工作代码开始:
def main():
print("This program computes the factorial of a number!")
n = eval(input("Enter a whole number: "))
fact = 1
for factor in range(n, 1, -1):
fact = fact * factor
print("The factorial of {} is {}!".format(n, fact))
main()
添加打印(protip:这是一个非常有用的调试技巧):
def main():
print("This program computes the factorial of a number!")
n = eval(input("Enter a whole number: "))
fact = 1
for factor in range(n, 1, -1):
print(factor) # Add this line
fact = fact * factor
print("The factorial of {} is {}!".format(n, fact))
main()
你应该看到这样的输出:
6
5
4
3
2
The factorial of 6 is 720!
如您所见,factor
变量每次都会在循环中发生变化。它采用您指定的range()
中的每个连续值。
当您将循环变量更改为n
时,它会被这些值覆盖。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
在第二个程序中,当函数运行到print语句时,n已被for循环更改。因此,当n正在按照您期望的那样在循环中变化时,当您打印n时,它已被循环覆盖。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
用户输入值在n
变量中定义。在第二个例子中,n再次在for循环中定义。所以变量n是覆盖的。
检查n
变量的is。
e.g。
>>> n = 6
>>> id(n)
160708724
>>> n = 2
>>> id(n)
160708772
>>>
e.g。代码想要从键盘编号。
>>> try:
... n = int(raw_input("Enter number:"))
... except ValueError:
... print "Enter only number value."
...
Enter number:99
>>> n
99
>>> type(n)
<type 'int'>
>>> try:
... n = int(raw_input("Enter number:"))
... except ValueError:
... print "Enter only number value."
...
Enter number:test
Enter only number value.
>>>
代码:
def factorialGenerator():
print("This program computes the factorial of a number!")
while True:
try:
n = int(raw_input("Enter a whole number: "))
break
except ValueError:
print "Enter only digit."
print "\nUser enter value %d and its id %s\n"%(n, id(n))
fact = 1
for n in range(n, 1, -1):
print "In for loop value %d and its id %s"%(n, id(n))
fact = fact * n
print("\nThe factorial of {} is {}!".format(n, fact))
if __name__=="__main__":
factorialGenerator()
输出:
This program computes the factorial of a number!
Enter a whole number: r
Enter only digit.
Enter a whole number: 6
User enter value 6 and its id 142415988
In for loop value 6 and its id 142415988
In for loop value 5 and its id 142416000
In for loop value 4 and its id 142416012
In for loop value 3 and its id 142416024
In for loop value 2 and its id 142416036
The factorial of 2 is 720!
答案 3 :(得分:0)
尝试:
def main():
print("This program computes the factorial of a number!")
n = eval(input("Enter a whole number: "))
fact = 1
for n in range(1, n+1, 1):
fact = fact * n
print("The factorial of {} is {}!".format(n, fact))
main()
你的问题是你在6处覆盖n为2,在新范围内你将覆盖它,直到你达到所需的n值。